近几十年来我国收入差距显著增加,而教育与收入分配之间存在显著联系。本文根据中国家庭收入调查的微观调查数据分析了高考成绩与未来收入之间的关系,结论反映了劳动力在高中阶段受益大小对未来收入回报的贡献。高中教育来源于三个方面:个人智力和努力、家庭培养和学校教育。它可以从两个途径对未来收入产生影响,一是对于继续接受高等教育的人,起“敲门砖”和较少程度的综合能力培养;另一个是对高中以后直接进入劳动力市场的人群,高中教育将直接影响他们的综合能力,如价值观、人文素质等。实证分析发现,高考成绩每多一分,未来收入将增加0.17%;如果继续接受了高等教育,那么高中成绩的影响将降为0.11%。一般没有继续接受高等教育的人在高中的成绩相对较差。实证发现,这些人在未来的收入更容易受到高中教育的影响。本文的社会意义是希望中学不要仅仅强调学校的升学率和尖子生,也需要重视那些成绩不太好的差生。 In recent decades, the income gap in our country has significantly increased, while there is a significant link between education and income distribution. Based on the micro-survey data of China’s household income survey, this paper analyzes the relationship between college entrance examination scores and future income, and the conclusion reflects that the labor force’s contribution to the future income return in the high school stage will be reflected in the conclusion. High school education comes from three aspects: personal intelligence and hard work, family training and school education. It can have an impact on future income from two sources: one is to train more people who continue to receive higher education and one to have less comprehensive ability; and the other is to directly enter the labor market after high school, High school education will directly affect their overall abilities, such as values ​​and humanistic qualities. Empirical analysis found that each point score for the college entrance examination, future income will increase by 0.17%; If you continue to receive higher education, then the impact of high school achievement will be reduced to 0.11%. Those who did not continue to receive higher education generally had relatively poor grades in high school. Empirically found that these people in the future income more vulnerable to high school education. The social significance of this article is that secondary schools should not only emphasize school enrollment and top students, but also attach importance to poor students who do not perform well.