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2016年5月,联合国环境署(UNEP)和世界卫生组织(WHO)召开的最高级会议均将环境与健康问题作为重点,全球对于环境与健康问题的关注度越来越高。对比分析我国与国际环境与健康问题的形势发现,我国空气污染因素导致的心血管病、癌症及慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(COPD)等疾病负担显著高于全球水平,而与不清洁水有关的腹泻、疟疾等疾病负担远远低于全球所占比例。并且,我国签署了28项与环境健康有关的国际公约,涉及持久性有机物污染、危险化学品、汞、臭氧层、气候变化、生物多样性等,但这些问题并非我国最为关注的环境与健康问题。当前,国际环境与健康工作有以下三个方面的的特点:一是环境与健康地位高,用健康的理念引导国际环保工作;二是关注问题范围广泛,且关注重点与我国有较大差异;三是为各国施加压力,推动签署环境保护国际公约。由此,针对我国环境与健康工作得出如下三方面启示:一是要顺应国际形势,推动环境与健康工作进入环保主战场;二是借鉴国际经验,找准当前阶段我国环境与健康工作的重点;三是加强环境与健康科技支撑能力,增强国际话语权。
In May 2016, the highest-level meetings held by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and the World Health Organization (WHO) all focused on environment and health issues. The world is paying more and more attention to environmental and health issues. A comparative analysis of the situation of environmental health problems in China and other countries shows that the burden of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) caused by air pollution in China is significantly higher than that of the global level, and is associated with unclean water Diarrhea, malaria and other diseases burden far below the proportion of the world. Moreover, our country has signed 28 international conventions related to environmental health, concerning persistent organic pollutants, hazardous chemicals, mercury, the ozone layer, climate change and biological diversity. However, these are not the most important environmental and health problems in our country. At present, the work on international environment and health has the following three aspects: First, the high status of environment and health leads the work of international environmental protection with the concept of health; second, the issue of concern has a wide range of issues, and the focus of attention has been greatly different from that of our country; Third, exert pressure on all countries to promote the signing of the International Convention on Environmental Protection. Therefore, we can draw the following three enlightenments for our country’s environment and health work: First, we must conform to the international situation and promote environmental and health work into the main battleground of environmental protection; second, learn from international experience and identify the key points of our country’s environment and health work at the current stage ; Third, to strengthen the environmental and health science and technology support capabilities and enhance international discourse.