老窑塌陷采空区造成的透水事故严重威胁着大型矿井的生产与安全,探测出塌陷采空区已成为当前三维地震的一项重要研究课题.针对老窑采空区不同的塌陷类型,建立多种不同内部结构的塌陷采空区地质模型。并采用有限差分法数值模拟技术对其进行正演模拟,分析出不同塌陷采空区在生成时间剖面上的波场特征.结合一些典型的工程实例,总结出塌陷采空区在地震资料上的判别标志以及识别特征,为矿井提供出准确的塌陷采空区位置. Permeable accidents caused by the collapse of the old kiln seriously threaten the production and safety of large-scale mines, and detecting the subsidence gob area has become an important research topic in current three-dimensional earthquakes.According to the different types of collapse in the old kiln goaf, Geological Model of Collapse Goaf with Various Internal Structures. And the finite difference method is used to simulate the forward modeling, and the wave field characteristics of the different collapse mined-out areas in the generated time profile are analyzed.Combining with some typical engineering examples, the conclusion is drawn that on the seismic data of the subsidence gob area Discriminant markers and identification features provide the mine with an accurate collapse gob area.