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采用土柱栽培与大田试验相结合的方法 ,研究了我国 2 0世纪 5 0年代以来生产中大面积推广应用的玉米品种根系时空分布特性。研究指出 :玉米根系的生长动态符合水蒸汽压力模型 (Vapor Pressure Model) ,1990 s品种根系干物质积累量随生育进程的推进增加迅速 ,直到成熟期仍维持较高水平 ,开花后根重持续时间长 ,且在深层土壤中的优势明显。在深 40～ 10 0 cm土层内根系重量 1990 s品种分别比 1970 s品种和 195 0 s品种高出 75 %和10 6 0 % ,当代品种根系在深层土壤中所占比率也明显增加 ;在距离植株 0～ 10 cm的水平范围内 ,当代玉米品种根系分布数量多、比率大。随玉米品种更替根系的空间分布呈“横向紧缩 ,纵向延伸”的特点。
Using the combination of soil column cultivation and field experiments, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of root system of maize varieties popularized and applied in China since the 1950s were studied. The results showed that: the dynamic growth of corn root system was in accordance with the Vapor Pressure Model. The root dry matter accumulation of 1990 s increased rapidly with the progress of growth and development, and remained high until maturity. The root weight duration after flowering Long, and obvious advantages in deep soil. In the depth of 40 ~ 100 cm, the root weight of 1990 s varieties were 75% and 106% higher than those of 1970 s and 195 0 s, respectively. The root percentage of contemporary cultivars in deep soil also increased significantly. Within the range of 0 ~ 10 cm from the plant, the number of contemporary maize varieties distributed in a large number and with a large ratio. The spatial distribution of root system changed with corn varieties was “horizontal contraction, vertical extension” of the characteristics.