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马克思曾分别将人的本质界定为“自由自觉的活动”、“一切社会关系的总和”和“人的需要”。我国对人本质的传统解读方式或是过分强调人的社会性,或是将其定义为这三种特性的总和。实际上,上述三种结论并非简单的并列关系,相反它们呈现为一种不断扬弃和提升的进程。马克思对于人之本质的探索采用的是“从抽象到具体”的思维方法,最终在人之需要中实现了对人本质的全面、具体、历史的把握。
Marx once defined the essence of man as “the activity of free and conscientious”, “the sum of all social relations” and “the need of man”. Our traditional interpretation of human nature either overemphasizes human sociality or defines it as the sum of these three characteristics. In fact, the above three conclusions are not simple parallel relations. Instead, they appear as a process of continuous abandonment and promotion. Marx’s exploration of the nature of man adopts the thinking method of “from abstract to concrete ”, finally realizing the overall, concrete and historical grasp of man’s essence in the needs of man.