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在英语中有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。下面我们一起来学习有关被动语态的知识：
一、被动语态的构成：
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be表现出来的。现在让我们来看一下几种时态的被动语态。
1．一般现在时态：助动词be的现在式(is / am / are) +过去分词。例如：
Children often sing the song. → The song is often sung by children.
2．一般过去时态：助动词be的过去式(was / were) + 过去分词。例如：
A policeman saved him. → He was saved by a policeman.
3．一般将来时态：will / shall + be（原形）+ 过去分词。例如：
They will take her to the hospital. → She will be taken to the hospital.
4．现在完成时态：have / has + been +过去分词。例如：
He has cleaned the classroom. → The classroom has been cleaned by him.
5．现在进行时态：助动词be的现在式（is / am / are）+ being + 过去分词。例如：
The workers are mending an old machine.
→ An old machine is being mended by the workers.
6．含情态动词的：can / may / must + be + 过去分词。例如：
He can finish his homework in an hour.
→ His homework can be finished in an hour.
二、被动语态的使用场合：
1．不知道或找不到动作执行者是谁时，常用被动语态。例如：
You are wanted on the phone.
有你的电话。（不知道是谁给你打的电话）
These books are written for children.
这些书是为孩子们写的。（谁写的不知道）
My bike was stolen.
我的自行车被盗了。（不知道被谁偷走了）
2．当动作的执行者是泛指或不言自明时，常用被动语态。例如：
Not a book in the library has been taken away.
图书馆里没有一本书被人拿走。（泛指任何人）
China was liberated in 1949.
1949年中国解放了。（不言而喻是中国共产党解放的）
3．出于委婉、礼貌而避免提及自己或对方时，常用被动语态。例如：
You are wished to do it more carefully.
希望你更认真一点儿做。
4．当汉语中的“被”“由”等词译成英语时，多用被动语态。例如：
Peter is asked to come by Jackson.
彼特是被杰克逊叫来的。
三、主动语态变被动语态：
主动语态变成被动语态时，是先把主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语，再将主动语态的谓语动词变为“be + 该动词的过去分词”，然后主动语态里的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在谓语动词后面（如果不强调动作的执行者，by短语常省略），其它成分不变。例如：
They grow tea in the southeast of China.(主动语态)
→ Tea is grown by them in the southeast of China. (被动语态)
四、主动语态变被动语态时应注意以下几点：
1．在主动语态中，make, let, hear, see, watch, notice等词后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾补，在变成被动语态时，必须还原动词不定式符号to。例如：
A girl saw my pen drop when she passed by.
→ My pen was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
2．带双宾语的动词give, send, teach, lend, pass等在变为被动语态时，通常把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，指“物”的直接宾语保留不变。例如：
He gave me a book yesterday. → I was given a book by him yesterday.
如果要把指“物”的宾语变为主语，则在动词后要加介词，如上句可改为：A book was given to me by him yesterday.
3．如果主动语态中的谓语动词是一些相当于及物动词的动词短语，变为被动语态时动词短语中的介词或副词不可以丢掉。例如：
We can take good care of your children.
→ Your children can be taken good care of by us.
【练一练】
Ⅰ. 用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. It’s said that the long bridge ________ (build) up in two months.
2. This song _______ (write) long before I was born!
3. Which language _______ most widely ________ (speak) in the world?
4. My computer ________ (not break) down so far.
5. At that time a large number of trees _________ (cut) down.
6. Our old house ________ (pull) down so that they could build a motorway.
Ⅱ. 按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。
1. The soldiers killed over 50 people. (改为同义句)
Over 50 people ________ ________ by the soldiers.
2. Three quarters of books are written in English. (改为一般疑问句)
________ three quarters of books ________ in English?
3. Jim took good care of the baby yesterday evening. (改为同义句)
The baby _______ ______ ________ ________ _______ by Jim yesterday evening.
4. She was seen to come out of the library by him. (改为同义句)
He ________ _______ ________ _________ of the library.
5. How much did they pay you? (改为同义句)
How much _________ you ________?
Key: Ⅰ. 1. will be built2. was written3. is, spoken 4. hasn’t been broken 5. were cut6. was pulled
Ⅱ 1. were killed2. Are, written3. was taken good care of4. saw her come out5. were, paid
一、被动语态的构成：
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be表现出来的。现在让我们来看一下几种时态的被动语态。
1．一般现在时态：助动词be的现在式(is / am / are) +过去分词。例如：
Children often sing the song. → The song is often sung by children.
2．一般过去时态：助动词be的过去式(was / were) + 过去分词。例如：
A policeman saved him. → He was saved by a policeman.
3．一般将来时态：will / shall + be（原形）+ 过去分词。例如：
They will take her to the hospital. → She will be taken to the hospital.
4．现在完成时态：have / has + been +过去分词。例如：
He has cleaned the classroom. → The classroom has been cleaned by him.
5．现在进行时态：助动词be的现在式（is / am / are）+ being + 过去分词。例如：
The workers are mending an old machine.
→ An old machine is being mended by the workers.
6．含情态动词的：can / may / must + be + 过去分词。例如：
He can finish his homework in an hour.
→ His homework can be finished in an hour.
二、被动语态的使用场合：
1．不知道或找不到动作执行者是谁时，常用被动语态。例如：
You are wanted on the phone.
有你的电话。（不知道是谁给你打的电话）
These books are written for children.
这些书是为孩子们写的。（谁写的不知道）
My bike was stolen.
我的自行车被盗了。（不知道被谁偷走了）
2．当动作的执行者是泛指或不言自明时，常用被动语态。例如：
Not a book in the library has been taken away.
图书馆里没有一本书被人拿走。（泛指任何人）
China was liberated in 1949.
1949年中国解放了。（不言而喻是中国共产党解放的）
3．出于委婉、礼貌而避免提及自己或对方时，常用被动语态。例如：
You are wished to do it more carefully.
希望你更认真一点儿做。
4．当汉语中的“被”“由”等词译成英语时，多用被动语态。例如：
Peter is asked to come by Jackson.
彼特是被杰克逊叫来的。
三、主动语态变被动语态：
主动语态变成被动语态时，是先把主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语，再将主动语态的谓语动词变为“be + 该动词的过去分词”，然后主动语态里的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在谓语动词后面（如果不强调动作的执行者，by短语常省略），其它成分不变。例如：
They grow tea in the southeast of China.(主动语态)
→ Tea is grown by them in the southeast of China. (被动语态)
四、主动语态变被动语态时应注意以下几点：
1．在主动语态中，make, let, hear, see, watch, notice等词后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾补，在变成被动语态时，必须还原动词不定式符号to。例如：
A girl saw my pen drop when she passed by.
→ My pen was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
2．带双宾语的动词give, send, teach, lend, pass等在变为被动语态时，通常把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，指“物”的直接宾语保留不变。例如：
He gave me a book yesterday. → I was given a book by him yesterday.
如果要把指“物”的宾语变为主语，则在动词后要加介词，如上句可改为：A book was given to me by him yesterday.
3．如果主动语态中的谓语动词是一些相当于及物动词的动词短语，变为被动语态时动词短语中的介词或副词不可以丢掉。例如：
We can take good care of your children.
→ Your children can be taken good care of by us.
【练一练】
Ⅰ. 用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. It’s said that the long bridge ________ (build) up in two months.
2. This song _______ (write) long before I was born!
3. Which language _______ most widely ________ (speak) in the world?
4. My computer ________ (not break) down so far.
5. At that time a large number of trees _________ (cut) down.
6. Our old house ________ (pull) down so that they could build a motorway.
Ⅱ. 按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。
1. The soldiers killed over 50 people. (改为同义句)
Over 50 people ________ ________ by the soldiers.
2. Three quarters of books are written in English. (改为一般疑问句)
________ three quarters of books ________ in English?
3. Jim took good care of the baby yesterday evening. (改为同义句)
The baby _______ ______ ________ ________ _______ by Jim yesterday evening.
4. She was seen to come out of the library by him. (改为同义句)
He ________ _______ ________ _________ of the library.
5. How much did they pay you? (改为同义句)
How much _________ you ________?
Key: Ⅰ. 1. will be built2. was written3. is, spoken 4. hasn’t been broken 5. were cut6. was pulled
Ⅱ 1. were killed2. Are, written3. was taken good care of4. saw her come out5. were, paid