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为提高棉花育种效率,以24个棉铃大小不一、铃型各异的转Bt基因常规棉品种(系)为试材,采用地膜覆盖栽培,测定了其子叶性状、棉铃性状、农艺性状、抗病性性状、纤维品质性状、产量及产量相关性状、熟性性状7类性状的24项指标值,并分析了品种间的指标变异情况,结果显示,品种间表型性状(9个)中,子叶性状、棉铃性状和农艺性状的株高差异达到了极显著水平;育种性状(15个)中,抗病性、熟性性状以及产量性状中的皮棉产量、单铃重和衣分差异达到了极显著水平,产量性状中的单株铃数差异达到了显著水平,而纤维品质性状指标差异均不显著。并利用SPSS软件,对表型性状与主要育种性状之间的相关性进行了比较全面的分析,结果显示,9个表型性状中,与产量显著相关的性状有株高,与产量相关性状显著相关的性状有子叶长、子叶宽、铃长、铃宽、铃柄长和株高;与枯萎病显著相关的性状有铃长、单株果枝数和株高,与黄萎病显著相关的性状有株高;与熟性显著相关的性状有子叶长、子叶宽、铃宽、铃柄长和株高;与纤维品质显著相关的性状有铃长、铃柄长和株高。陆地棉表型性状与主要育种性状之间存在一定的相关性,利用表型性状对陆地棉主要育种性状进行间接选择是可行、有效的。
In order to improve cotton breeding efficiency, twenty-four cotton varieties (lines) with different boll sizes and different types of transgenic Bt cotton were used as test materials to test their cotyledon traits, cotton boll characters, agronomic traits and agronomic characters The results showed that among the 9 phenotypic traits, among the 9 cultivars with the same phenotypic traits, The differences of plant height between cotyledon characters, boll characters and agronomic characters reached extremely significant level. Among the 15 breeding characters, the differences of lint yield, boll weight and lint percentage in resistance, maturity traits and yield traits reached Significantly different, yield traits in bolls per plant number reached a significant level, while the fiber quality traits were not significantly different. SPSS software was used to analyze the correlation between the phenotypic traits and the main breeding traits. The results showed that among the nine phenotypic traits, the traits significantly correlated with yield had plant height and the traits related to yield were significant The related traits were cotyledon length, cotyledon width, boll length, boll width, boll length and plant height. The characters related to blight were boll length, number of fruit branch per plant and plant height, and significant correlation with Verticillium wilt There were cotyledon length, cotyledon width, boll width, boll length and plant height. The characters related to fiber quality were boll length, boll length and plant height. There is a certain correlation between phenotypic traits and main breeding traits of upland cotton. It is feasible and effective to use phenotypic traits to indirectly select the main breeding traits of upland cotton.