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以我国西瓜、甜瓜种质资源中期库内1200份西瓜种质为材料,对果实重量、果肉颜色、中心糖、种子千粒重等12项主要植物学性状进行遗传多样性和相关性分析。多样性分析结果表明:我国西瓜资源12项植物学性状多样性指数平均值为1.70,种子千粒重多样性指数最大为2.37,果实形状多样性指数最小为1.02,其中果皮底色、果皮覆纹颜色、果肉颜色、果实重量、果实中心糖、种子千粒重性状数据分布较为分散。数量性状变异系数平均值为31.8,变异幅度均比其平均值大1～3倍。相关性分析结果表明:果实形状和果形指数、果肉颜色和果实中心糖、果肉颜色和种子千粒重、果皮厚度和硬度4对性状相关性极显著。种子千粒重和果实中心糖、果实重量和果皮厚度、果实重量和果皮硬度、覆纹颜色和形状4对性状相关性显著。
A total of 1200 watermelon germplasm resources were used to analyze the genetic diversity and correlation of 12 major botanical traits, such as fruit weight, flesh color, center sugar, and 1000-grain weight in watermelon and melon germplasm resources in China. The results of diversity analysis showed that the average diversity index of 12 botanical characters of watermelon resources in China was 1.70, the maximum value of seed grain weight diversity index was 2.37, and the minimum value of fruit shape diversity index was 1.02. The color of peel, The color of the flesh, the weight of the fruit, the sugar in the center of the fruit, and the distribution of the grain-1000-grain weight traits were more scattered. The average coefficient of variation of quantitative trait was 31.8, and the variation range was 1 ~ 3 times larger than the average value. The results of correlation analysis showed that fruit shape and fruit shape index, fruit color and fruit center sugar, fruit color and seed thousand kernel weight, peel thickness and hardness 4 had significant correlation with traits. Seed grain weight and fruit center sugar, fruit weight and pericarp thickness, fruit weight and pericarp hardness, covering color and shape 4 significant correlation with the traits.