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认知语言学研究表明,成人和儿童对长距离疑问句的可接受性判断结果都呈现出原型效应:原型问句的可接受程度显著优于非原型问句。本研究将原型效应推及到成人二语习得,并认为二语语法中的长距离疑问句具有典型成员,而其他变体句都是通过与原型类比后延伸出来的句式。本文在原型理论基础上,对中国英语学习者长距离疑问句的习得开展研究。通过选用原型度不同的四类测试句进行实验,结果发现学习者很有可能以距离原型句的相似度来确定各种变体句的可接受性。同时,就长距离疑问句的各种变体句在二语语法中的可接受性而言,原型效应的确存在,但还有其他因素也影响着二语学习者对原型度较低、甚至完全不合法的长距离问句可接受程度的判断。
Cognitive linguistics research shows that both adults and children exhibit a prototype effect on the acceptability of long-range questions: the acceptability of prototype questions is significantly better than that of non-prototype questions. In this study, the prototype effect is extended to second language acquisition in adults. It is assumed that the long-range interrogative sentences in L2 grammar are typical members while the other variant sentences are all derived from analogy with prototypes. Based on the prototype theory, this paper studies the acquisition of long distance interrogative sentences by Chinese EFL learners. Experiments on four types of test sentences with different prototype degrees show that learners are likely to determine the acceptability of various variant sentences with the similarity of the prototype sentences. At the same time, the prototype effect does exist in terms of the acceptability of various variant sentences of long-range interrogative sentences in L2 grammar. However, there are other factors that also influence L2 learners’ low or even incomplete archetypes Legitimate long-distance questions to determine the degree of acceptability.