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目的了解广西城乡小学生高血压相关知识、态度及知识来源现状,为制定切实可行的针对小学生高血压、肥胖等慢性病的预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取广西4个县(市、区),并从每个县(市、区)分别抽取城市小学和农村小学各1所(共8所小学),对4~6年级小学生填写的“小学生健康行为问卷”中有关高血压防治知识、行为态度及知识来源等数据进行分析,应用SPSS 20.0软件进行χ2检验。结果被调查的小学生共3 070名。高血压标准及相关知识:知晓“超重和肥胖的健康危害”的比例最高(47.5%),知晓“成人高血压诊断标准”的比例最低(6.7%);高血压或血压升高的危险因素:超重或肥胖、过量饮酒、高盐饮食、糖尿病、吸烟和遗传的知晓率分别为48.4%、44.2%、30.7%、30.0%、29.4%和26.4%;在高血压预防措施方面,常测血压、控制体重、限酒、多吃水产品和限盐的知晓率分别为47.5%、44.1%、38.9%、32.7%和29.4%。高血压预防应控制体重和超重肥胖容易导致高血压或血压升高知晓组学生持正确饮食、身体活动认知态度的比例均明显高于不知晓组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。城市学生对高血压知识的知晓率和持有正确认知态度的比例高于农村,女生对高血压或血压升高的危险因素和预防措施的知晓率高于男生,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。被调查的小学生中,最信任的知识主要来源于老师讲课(45.5%),饮食习惯受家人的影响最大(54.6%)。结论广西城乡4~6年级小学生高血压防治相关知识知晓率低,应加强小学生的健康教育与促进活动,提升高血压防控核心知识的知晓和健康行为水平,对培养小学生健康意识和行为方式将有所帮助。
Objective To understand the status quo of knowledge, attitude and knowledge of hypertension among urban and rural primary school students in Guangxi and to provide a scientific basis for the development of practical strategies for prevention and control of chronic diseases such as hypertension and obesity among primary school students. Methods Stratified stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 4 counties (cities and districts) in Guangxi and 1 urban primary school and rural primary school (8 primary schools) were drawn from each county (city and district) Sixth grade primary school students fill in “primary school student health behavior questionnaire ” on hypertension prevention and control knowledge, behavior attitude and knowledge sources and other data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software for χ2 test. Results A total of 3 070 pupils were investigated. Hypertension standards and related knowledge: The highest proportion (47.5%) of patients were aware of the “health risks of overweight and obesity” and the lowest (6.7%) were known to have “diagnostic criteria for adult hypertension”; hypertension or hypertension Of the risk factors: overweight or obesity, overdose, high salt diet, diabetes, smoking and genetic awareness were 48.4%, 44.2%, 30.7%, 30.0%, 29.4% and 26.4% respectively; in the prevention of hypertension, The awareness rate of blood pressure, weight control, alcohol restriction, excessive consumption of aquatic products and limited salt were 47.5%, 44.1%, 38.9%, 32.7% and 29.4% respectively. Hypertension prevention Should control weight and overweight Obesity easily lead to high blood pressure or blood pressure knowledge group of students with a correct diet, physical activity cognitive attitude were significantly higher than the unknown group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01) . The awareness rate of urban students about knowledge of hypertension and the proportion of people holding the correct cognitive attitude were higher than that of rural areas. The awareness rates of risk factors and preventive measures for hypertension or hypertension in girls were higher than those in boys P <0.05). Among the pupils surveyed, the most trusted knowledge comes from teachers’ lectures (45.5%) and eating habits are the most affected by family members (54.6%). Conclusions There is a low awareness rate of knowledge about prevention and treatment of hypertension among grade 4 and 6 pupils in urban and rural areas of Guangxi. Health education and promotion activities should be strengthened for primary school students so as to enhance the knowledge and health behaviors of hypertension prevention and control. Help