王阳明的“知行合一”论是其哲学理论、道德理论的重要组成部分,在其整个思想体系中占有重要的地位。但因立论新颖,且与已成为官方主流思想的程朱理学中的知行观相悖,自提出后受到诸多怀疑,批评之论时出。本文试图在简述“知行合一”的基本内容与王阳明提出这一理论的立言宗旨的基础上,通过分析两种具有代表性的批评论断,恢复与发掘其中的伦理意蕴。 Wang Yangming’s theory of “unity of knowing and doing” is an important part of his philosophical theory and moral theory and occupies an important position in his entire ideological system. However, because of the novelty of the argument and its contradiction with the concept of “conception of behavior” in Cheng Zhu’s neo-Confucianism, which has become the official mainstream thought, it has been subject to many doubts and criticisms since it was put forward. This article attempts to restore and explore the ethical connotation by analyzing two representative criticisms on the basis of a brief description of the basic content of “unity of knowing and doing” and Wang Yangming’s purpose of making such a theory.