目的　分析超声乳化白内障吸出手术并发症的发生率及相关危险因素 ,探讨其防治原则。方法　对 12 80例132 6眼行超声乳化白内障吸出手术的患者中出现并发症者178例 196眼进行并发症分类和原因分析。结果　术中出现晶状体后囊破裂 6 9眼 (5 .2 % ) ,虹膜损伤 2 1眼 (1.6 % ) ,角膜后弹力层撕脱 2眼 (0 .2 % ) ,晶状体核坠入玻璃体腔 4眼(0 .3% ) ,术后角膜内皮水肿 16 8眼 (12 .7% ) ,角膜内皮失代偿 1眼 (0 .1% ) ,暂时性高眼压 2 6眼 (2 .0 % ) ,黄斑囊样水肿 13眼 (1.0 % ) ,瞳孔无张力 11眼 (0 .8% ) ,人工晶状体移位 6眼 (0 .5 % ) ,人工晶状体前膜 7眼 (0 .5 % )。结论　术中晶状体后囊膜破裂和术后角膜内皮水肿是超声乳化白内障吸出手术的主要并发症 ,提高手术技术可减少并发症的发生 ,采取积极有效的措施可降低并发症的危害 Objective To analyze the incidence of complications of phacoemulsification cataract surgery and related risk factors and to explore its prevention and treatment principles. Methods A total of 178 cases (196 eyes) with complication in 1280 cases of phacoemulsification cataract surgery were enrolled in this study. The complications and causes were analyzed. Results There were 69 eyes (5.2%) posterior capsule rupture, 21 eyes (1.6%) iris injury and 2 eyes (0.2%) corneal posterior tear. The nucleus of the lens crashed into the vitreous cavity 4 (0.3%), postoperative corneal endothelium edema of 16 8 eyes (12.7%), corneal endothelial decompensation in 1 eye (0.1%), temporary intraocular hypertension in 26 eyes (2.0% ), Macular cystoid edema in 13 eyes (1.0%), pupillary untensioned in 11 eyes (0.8%), intraocular lens (IOP) in 6 eyes (0.5%), intraocular lens in 7 eyes . Conclusions Intraoperative posterior capsule rupture and corneal endothelium edema are the main complication of phacoemulsification cataract extraction. To improve the surgical technique can reduce the incidence of complications and take active and effective measures to reduce the risk of complications