0.古汉语全浊声母发展至今,在全浊声母消失的方言里,大致有三种类型:①平声送气,仄声不迭气;②平仄声都不送气;③不论平仄声,一律变为送气清音。第③类的方言分布情况是,客家话、赣方言、山西西南部的河东方言,以及下江官话里的泰州话、上江官话里的大冶话、西北官话里的天水话、商县话。 1.最早出现古全浊声母仄声字读送气清音的历史材料极少。唐代李肇《唐国史补》卷下有一处写道:“今荆襄人呼提为堤,……关中人呼稻为讨,呼釜为付,皆讹谬所习,亦曰坊中语也。”其中“稻”字中古是定母上声字,属全浊声母仄声。“讨”字中古是透母上声字,属送气清音。所谓“坊中语”即口头语。 0 Ancient Chinese voiced consonants development so far, dialect disappear in the total voiced dialects, there are roughly three types: ① flat sound air supply, flat tone does not air; ② no flat tone sound; ③ no matter flat tone, all into the air-voice. The dialect distribution of the third category is that Hakka dialect, Gan dialect, Hedong dialect in southwestern Shanxi, Taizhou dialect in Xiajiang dialect, Da’e dialect in Shangjiang dialect, Tianshui dialect in Shangxi dialect, Shang dialect . 1. The earliest ancient voiced consonants flat tone reading qi voice of the historical material rarely. The Tang Dynasty Li Zhao “Tang Dynasty history fill” volume has a write down: “Jingxing people call mention embankment, ... ... Guanzhong call for discussion, call for the kettle, are false absurd habits, also said Fangfangzhong Language is also. ”Among the“ rice ”in the ancient word is fixed on the mother, is a voiced consonant flat sound. The word “discuss” is ancient in the word mother, is a voiceless voice. The so-called “Square Chinese” or spoken language.