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目的了解钢铁工人在目前高温作业环境下通过汗、尿消耗的水溶性维生素B_1、B_2、C及其膳食摄入和体内水平,为制定营养干预方案提供依据。方法于2014年6—7月选取高温作业钢铁工人226人及同一车间非高温作业工人39人,进行膳食调查和汗、尿收集及维生素测定,用体重差法估计出汗量,同时测定工作场所湿球黑球温度指数(wet bulb globe temperature index,WBGT指数)。结果高温作业钢铁工人维生素B_1、B_2、C平均摄入量分别为(2.2±0.5)、(1.2±0.3)、(102.0±23.3)mg/d;不同作业温度的工人每日摄入量均无明显差异(P>0.05)。工人在WBGT为30~43℃高温环境作业时的汗中维生素B_1、B_2、C排出量分别为(0.24±0.08)、(0.20±0.08)、(16.30±7.78)mg/d,分别占汗、尿中排出总量的73.8%,67.9%和68.3%。同等中体力劳动高温工人的汗中维生素B_1、B_2、C排出量均高于非高温工人,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。重体力劳动强度下不同作业温度的高温工人汗中维生素B_1、B_2、C排出量均随温度升高而增加(P<0.05);尿中3种维生素排出量均随温度升高而降低。高温作业工人维生素B_1、B_2、C与尿肌酐的平均比值分别为121.8±39.7、99.4±43.8、6.1±2.3。维生素B_1、B_2、C体内缺乏人数分别占总人数的10.6%,31.9%,95.1%。中体力劳动强度的高温作业工人维生素C体内缺乏率高于非高温作业工人,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论钢铁工人在高温作业环境中的维生素B_1、B_2、C消耗量较多,维生素摄入量均低于高温作业建议量。建议按摄入量与高温作业人员建议量的差值并考虑体内缺乏程度来制定工间液体补充方案。
Objective To understand the water-soluble vitamin B_1, B_2, C and their dietary intake and in vivo levels of iron and steel workers consumed by sweat and urine under the current high-temperature working environment, so as to provide the basis for formulating nutritional intervention programs. Methods From June to July 2014, 226 workers with high temperature work and 39 non-temperature workers in the same workshop were selected for dietary investigation and sweat and urine collection and vitamins determination. The sweat volume was estimated by weight difference method and the workplace Wet bulb globe temperature index (WBGT index). Results The average intake of vitamin B 1, B 2 and C in high temperature steel workers was (2.2 ± 0.5), (1.2 ± 0.3) and (102.0 ± 23.3) mg / d respectively. The daily intake of workers with different working temperature was Significant difference (P> 0.05). The workers’ sweat’s vitamin B 1, B 2 and C excretion were (0.24 ± 0.08), (0.20 ± 0.08) and (16.30 ± 7.78) mg / d in the sweat of WBGT at 30 ~ 43 ℃, Urine excreted 73.8%, 67.9% and 68.3% of the total. In the same manual labor, the sweat vitamin B 1, B 2 and C excretion were higher than non-high temperature workers, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Excretion of vitamin B_1, B_2 and C in high temperature workers with different working temperature under heavy manual labor intensity increased with temperature (P <0.05). The excretion of three vitamins in urine decreased with the increase of temperature. The average ratio of vitamin B 1, B 2, C and urinary creatinine were 121.8 ± 39.7, 99.4 ± 43.8 and 6.1 ± 2.3 respectively in high temperature workers. The lack of vitamin B_1, B_2, C in vivo accounted for 10.6%, 31.9% and 95.1% of the total, respectively. The labor deficit in high-temperature manual workers was higher than that of non-high-temperature workers in vitamin C treatment, with significant difference (P <0.05). Conclusion Iron and steel workers consume more vitamin B 1, B 2 and C in hot working environment and the intake of vitamins is lower than the recommendations for high temperature work. Proposed by intake and high temperature workers suggested the amount of the difference and consider the lack of the body to develop a workshop liquid supplement program.