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2008年1—3月,采取现场观测、查阅林班档案、标准地调查、影像分析等方法对2008年1月冰灾后湖南主要受害地区森林进行较全面的综合调查。结果如下:桉树、湿地松、楠竹等大面积人工林毁损;部分地区马尾松、杉木、阔叶树天然次生林机械折损量大;多种绿化大苗、柑桔等经济林树种商品价值丧失殆尽;多数树种因树冠冰晶负荷过重导致机械损伤,桉树、柑桔等少数树种既具机械损伤,又兼有明显的生理损害。冰灾的基本原因是拉尼娜现象而致的气候异常,直接原因是有利于冰晶形成的气象因子组合。过量汽车尾气、工厂烟尘、烹饪等产生的烟气等污染物形成的纳米级微颗粒(1～10nm)悬浮质,促进了雾和霾的形成。适度低温与饱和湿度的配合及长时间稳定维持,造成了树枝等支撑物上冰晶过度发育。提出灾后重建、减灾补损的具体措施。
From January to March 2008, a comprehensive and comprehensive survey of the main affected areas in Hunan after January 2008 was conducted by means of on-site observation, inspection of archives in the forest scale, standard surveys and image analysis. The results are as follows: Eucalyptus, pine, bamboo and other large-scale plantation forest damage; Masson pine, fir, broad-leaved trees in some secondary forest mechanical loss large; a variety of green seedlings, citrus and other economic forest tree species loss of commodity value; Tree species due to overloading of canopy ice caused mechanical damage, eucalyptus, citrus and other few species both with mechanical damage, but also both significant physiological damage. The basic reason for ice disasters is the climate anomaly caused by La Niña, which is directly due to the combination of meteorological factors that contribute to the formation of ice crystals. Excessive car exhaust, factory smoke, cooking and other pollutants generated by the formation of nano-particulate particles (1 ~ 10nm) suspended solids, and promote the formation of fog and haze. Moderate low temperature and saturated humidity with the long-term stability and maintenance, resulting in branches and other support on the excessive development of ice crystals. Put forward specific measures for post-disaster reconstruction and disaster reduction.