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为深入探讨陕北地区距今4000a前后生业经济的面貌,本文以神木神圪垯墚遗址出土28例人骨与24例动物骨骼为研究对象,运用碳氮稳定同位素分析方法重建了该遗址居民的食物结构与家畜饲养策略.人骨胶原的碳氮同位素表明,遗址存在个别食用了大量C_3类食物的个体,但大多数居民基本以C_4类食物(粟作农业产品)为食,肉食消费程度个体间有差异.家畜中,家猪主要以粟类食物为食,部分黄牛食用了较多的粟类食物,而其余个体则与羊一样主要以采食野生C_3植物为生.结合陕北及相邻地区相关研究成果,本文认为4000a BP前后粟作农业生产是陕北生业经济的主要内容,草原畜牧经济(黄牛和羊的牧养)在本地多元化生业经济结构中的重要程度较低.繁荣的粟作农业经济为陕北地区社会发展提供了稳定的食物供给,保证了财富的积累和人群的增长,加速了社会分工和人群分化的速率,这可能是本地区文明化进程在4000a BP前后骤然提速的重要原因.
In order to further explore the outlook of the post-industrial economy around 4000a in northern Shaanxi Province, this paper studied 28 human bones and 24 animal bones unearthed in the Shenmu site of Jiaozuo Mountain, and reconstructed the residents of this site by carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis Food composition and livestock feeding strategy The carbon and nitrogen isotopes of human collagen show that there are some individuals who consume a large amount of C_3 food in the ruins, but most of them inhabit C_4 food (millet as agricultural products) There are differences.Domestic livestock, pigs mainly to millet food for food, some cattle eat more millet food, while the rest of the same sheep and the same as the main feeding of wild C_3 plants for a living.Combined with the northern Shaanxi and adjacent This paper argues that the agricultural production of millet before and after 4000a BP is the main content of the livelihood industry in northern Shaanxi. The herd husbandry economy (cattle and sheep pasturing) is less important in the local diversified economy structure. Prosperity of the millet for agricultural economy provides a stable food supply for social development in northern Shaanxi, ensuring the accumulation of wealth and the growth of the population, speeding up the social division of labor and the speed of population differentiation This may be an important reason for the sudden acceleration of civilizations in the region before and after 4000a BP.