(一) 据美国国家科学院统计,每年约有500～600万吨油流入海洋,其中三分之一来自海洋船舶运输,而船舶事故性污染占据了相当的比重。1967年3月18日,利比里亚油轮“托利·凯永”(Torrey Canyon)号在英吉利海峡触礁,所载9.3万吨科威特原油流入海里,严重污染了英吉利航道、法国北部海岸以及比斯开湾,引起世界航运界和环境保护部门的巨大震惊。防治船舶大面积溢油的问题开始提到了各国政府的面前。七十年代是世界油轮船队大发展的年代,油轮溢油事故也更加频繁。1976年 (I) According to the statistics of the National Academy of Sciences, about 5 to 6 million tons of oil are flowing into the ocean every year, of which one third comes from the shipping of marine vessels, while the ship accidental pollution occupies a considerable proportion. On March 18, 1967, Liberia’s tanker Torrey Canyon hit the sea in the English Channel, sending 93,000 tons of Kuwaiti crude oil into the sea, causing serious pollution to the English Channel, the northern coast of France and the Bay of Biscay , Causing great shock to world shipping circles and environmental protection departments. The issue of preventing and controlling large-scale oil spills from ships began to be mentioned before the governments of various countries. The seventies is the era of great development of the world tanker fleet, oil tanker spill accidents are more frequent. 1976