增施肥料可明显改善旱作农田冬小麦叶片水分状况、增加光合速率、延缓叶片衰老，有利于小麦后期维持一定的光合面积和作用时间，有利于籽粒灌浆和增加每穗粒数，也减小了土壤水分不足对产量的影响。在旱作农业中，水肥具有明显的耦合关系，肥料的增产作用不仅在于肥料本身，更重要的还在于与土壤水分的互作 Fertilization can significantly improve the water conditions, increase photosynthetic rate and leaf senescence of winter wheat in dry farmland, which is beneficial to maintaining certain photosynthetic area and duration of action in the late wheat stage, which is beneficial to grain filling and grain number per spike and also decreases The impact of insufficient soil moisture on yield. In dry farming, water and fertilizer have a significant coupling relationship, the role of fertilizers not only in fertilizer production itself, but also more important is the interaction with soil moisture