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非谓语动词中过去分词的用法你掌握了多少呢?经常给自己的语法知识梳梳辫子, 能够让你脑中有一个清晰的语法网络。下面让我们具体来看看过去分词的一些主要用法吧!
过去分词在句中不可作谓语。它相当于形容词和副词,在句中可用作定语、表语、状语、补语等。过去分词的逻辑主语一般可在句中找到。
1. 作定语。多表已完成的动作。单个过去分词作定语置于被修饰的名词之前,过去分词短语作定语置于被修饰的名词后。例如:
This is one of the factories built in the 1970’s.
2. 作表语。总是在联系动词之后,构成系表结构,表示主语所处的状态。这种系表结构和被动结构相同,但后者表示主语所承受的动作。例如:
Never touch an electric wire when it is broken.
3. 作宾语补足语。其前的动词多是感觉动词和使役动词。主要用在“主语+have/get/find…… +宾语+过去分词”的句型中。have是使役动词,它在这种结构中不做“有”解,而作“请”“派”“使”解,我们学过的使役动词have常用在以下两种结构中:
(1)have sb. doing/do sth.表示“让某人干某事”(cause sb. to do sth.)。have 后面的宾语是“人”,后跟-ing或不带to的不定式,做宾语补足语。例如:
We have never had women working in the army before.
He had the old tailor make/making a new coat for him.
(2)have sth. done结构有三种不同的含义:
表示“请/让/叫别人(为自己做某事)”的意思,强调主语的意志,这里的“别人”虽然没有在have sth. done结构中明显的表现出来,但确有此意。例如:
I had my tap repaired.( = I asked sb. to repair my tap.)
I must have my hair cut.( = I must let the barber cut my hair .)
注意:不要把have sth. done和have done sth.混淆起来。后者是现在完成时的结构,have是助动词,本身无词义;而前者have是使役动词,本身有词义。试比较:
He had his watch repaired.(别人修)
He has repaired his watch.(自己修)
过去分词用于宾语补足语除了用于have sth. done这种结构外,也可以用于get sth. done或find sth. done结构。get sth. done结构的意思和have sth. done结构的意思很相近,get在这种结构中也是使役动词,也做“请”“派”解。例如:
We got our TV set repaired last week.
find sth. done 结构的意思是“发现某物已经……”或“发现某物被……”,这个结构中的过去分词done表明宾语现在的情况,含“完成”或“被动”的意思。例如:
I found all the windows broken. ( = All the windows were broken.)
The next morning people found the world outside their house completely changed.
还可以用make oneself/sth. done或keep sth. done或hear sth. done结构。make和keep在此结构中也作“使……”,hear作“听到”。例如:
You must make yourself respected.
He heard his name called.
You have got to keep the door locked.
4. 作状语。过去分词用作状语,相当于副词,通常表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等。
Thrown to the floor, she regained her footing and rushed into the street. (表时间)
Moved by his words, I accepted his present.(表原因)
Taken in time, the medicine will be quite effective.(表条件)
Mocked at by everybody, he had her sympathy.(表让步)
If law-breakers went unpunished, the society will be in disorder.(表方式)
The teacher stood there, surrounded by many students.(表伴随)
编辑/孙栎栎
过去分词在句中不可作谓语。它相当于形容词和副词,在句中可用作定语、表语、状语、补语等。过去分词的逻辑主语一般可在句中找到。
1. 作定语。多表已完成的动作。单个过去分词作定语置于被修饰的名词之前,过去分词短语作定语置于被修饰的名词后。例如:
This is one of the factories built in the 1970’s.
2. 作表语。总是在联系动词之后,构成系表结构,表示主语所处的状态。这种系表结构和被动结构相同,但后者表示主语所承受的动作。例如:
Never touch an electric wire when it is broken.
3. 作宾语补足语。其前的动词多是感觉动词和使役动词。主要用在“主语+have/get/find…… +宾语+过去分词”的句型中。have是使役动词,它在这种结构中不做“有”解,而作“请”“派”“使”解,我们学过的使役动词have常用在以下两种结构中:
(1)have sb. doing/do sth.表示“让某人干某事”(cause sb. to do sth.)。have 后面的宾语是“人”,后跟-ing或不带to的不定式,做宾语补足语。例如:
We have never had women working in the army before.
He had the old tailor make/making a new coat for him.
(2)have sth. done结构有三种不同的含义:
表示“请/让/叫别人(为自己做某事)”的意思,强调主语的意志,这里的“别人”虽然没有在have sth. done结构中明显的表现出来,但确有此意。例如:
I had my tap repaired.( = I asked sb. to repair my tap.)
I must have my hair cut.( = I must let the barber cut my hair .)
注意:不要把have sth. done和have done sth.混淆起来。后者是现在完成时的结构,have是助动词,本身无词义;而前者have是使役动词,本身有词义。试比较:
He had his watch repaired.(别人修)
He has repaired his watch.(自己修)
过去分词用于宾语补足语除了用于have sth. done这种结构外,也可以用于get sth. done或find sth. done结构。get sth. done结构的意思和have sth. done结构的意思很相近,get在这种结构中也是使役动词,也做“请”“派”解。例如:
We got our TV set repaired last week.
find sth. done 结构的意思是“发现某物已经……”或“发现某物被……”,这个结构中的过去分词done表明宾语现在的情况,含“完成”或“被动”的意思。例如:
I found all the windows broken. ( = All the windows were broken.)
The next morning people found the world outside their house completely changed.
还可以用make oneself/sth. done或keep sth. done或hear sth. done结构。make和keep在此结构中也作“使……”,hear作“听到”。例如:
You must make yourself respected.
He heard his name called.
You have got to keep the door locked.
4. 作状语。过去分词用作状语,相当于副词,通常表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等。
Thrown to the floor, she regained her footing and rushed into the street. (表时间)
Moved by his words, I accepted his present.(表原因)
Taken in time, the medicine will be quite effective.(表条件)
Mocked at by everybody, he had her sympathy.(表让步)
If law-breakers went unpunished, the society will be in disorder.(表方式)
The teacher stood there, surrounded by many students.(表伴随)
编辑/孙栎栎