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在各国身体活动政策发展过程中,美国身体活动政策的发展以其科学性、系统性而受到众多研究者的关注。主要采用文献资料法,从政策文本分析视角对美国自1960年以来的身体活动政策进行梳理,考察历史嬗变轨迹及特征,结果显示:美国身体活动政策是社会发展的产物,其发生、发展动因分别是由身体活动不足而导致的体质危机和健康危机。这些政策演变凸显了经验化转向科学化、体质化转向健康化、专门化转向生活化、连续活动转向累计活动、个人改变转向环境改变等特征,对我国身体活动政策的启示是走出“先污染,后治理”的窠臼,提升身体活动政策的前瞻性和预判性;创新政策决策机制,提高身体活动政策的科学性、连续性;加强对跨部门合作的有效指导,提高身体活动政策的执行绩效;正确认识体质和健康的关系,始终坚持青少年体质促进的政策导向,这对当前我国身体活动政策研究与身体活动促进实践有一定的理论与实践意义。
In the development of the policy of physical activity in various countries, the development of the policy of physical activity in the United States has attracted the attention of many researchers due to its scientific and systematic nature. Mainly using the literature method, from the perspective of policy text analysis of the United States since 1960 combing physical activity policies, examining the trajectory and characteristics of historical evolution, the results show that: the United States physical activity policy is a product of social development, the occurrence and development of motivation were Is due to physical activity caused by the physical crisis and health crisis. The evolution of these policies highlights the characteristics of the shift of experience toward scientification, physique towards health, specialized turn to life, continuous activity to cumulative activity, and personal change to environmental change. The enlightenment to our physical activity policy is that we should “first pollute , ”Post-governance" to improve the forward-looking and predictability of physical activity policies; innovation policy-making mechanism to improve scientific and continuity of physical activity policies; strengthen the effective guidance of cross-sectoral cooperation and improve physical activity policies Performance; to correctly understand the relationship between physique and health, and always adhere to the policy guidance of adolescent physical fitness, which has certain theoretical and practical significance for the current research on physical activity policies and the promotion of physical activity in our country.