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低氧是所有实体肿瘤的普遍特性，是肿瘤微环境的一个重要标记。越来越多的证据表明肿瘤细胞的行为特征很大程度上受微环境的影响。肿瘤细胞通过调控低氧诱导因子（ HIFs）适应低氧微环境。微环境低氧促进了肿瘤干细胞（ CSCs）和循环肿瘤细胞（ CTCs）的生成，加快了细胞上皮表型向间质表型的转化（ EMT），并增加了肿瘤浸润、转移和耐药的机率。改善低氧肿瘤微环境能够阻碍肿瘤的发生和发展。“,”Hypoxia has been a common peculiarity of solid tumor and played a crucial role in tumor microenvironment. More and more evidences have shown that the tumor?s biological behavior,to large extent,is influenced by microenvironment.The cancer cells adapt to the micro environment by regulating the hypoxia inducible factors( HIFs) . Microenvironment hypoxia accelerates the formation of cancer stem cells ( CSCs ) , circulating tumor cells ( CTCs ) , and induces epithelial?mesenchymal transition ( EMT ) . Besides it increases the possibility of invasion, metastasis and drug resistance of the tumor. Improving the hypoxia tumor microenvironment can impede the occurrance and development of the tumor.