【摘 要】
：
清道光三年(1823年)太湖流域发生了严重的雨涝灾害.利用《管庭芬日记》保存的降水信息复原了海宁地区逐月降水量,进而综合日记、档案和地方志中天气、雨情、水情、灾情等记录
【机 构】
：
复旦大学历史地理研究中心,浙江师范大学人文学院
论文部分内容阅读
清道光三年(1823年)太湖流域发生了严重的雨涝灾害.利用《管庭芬日记》保存的降水信息复原了海宁地区逐月降水量,进而综合日记、档案和地方志中天气、雨情、水情、灾情等记录系统梳理太湖流域由春至秋的降水过程、水位变化和水灾分布特征,并探讨此次大涝的天气气候背景.主要得到以下结论:1)该年太湖流域雨期长,集中降水始于2月16日,到9月22日才基本结束,流域由春至秋大致经历10次降水集中期和10场暴雨过程.海宁汛期5月、6月、7月、9月雨日和雨量尤多,较平湖地区1954～2009年分别增加52.2％ ～ 72.7％和100.5％～321.5％,5月、汛期和年降水量重现期均达到200年一遇.2)本年的梅雨期相对典型,海宁6月7日入梅,较常年提前8天,春雨梅雨无明显间歇;7月4日出梅,梅期雨日23天,梅期长27天,梅雨量571.9mmm,梅雨降水异常偏强,期间至少有3场暴雨过程.3)流域汛期水位历经3次显著上涨阶段,8月7～ 14日台风暴雨期间太湖以东地区水位普遍达到峰值,吴江地区洪水位估算为4.38m,接近1954年和1999年最大值.4)水灾持续约4个月,主要分布于流域中东部低平原区,以阳澄淀泖区、东苕溪一带灾情最重,雨带长期维持、梅期降水异常偏强、台风接连入侵和太湖下泄水道年久淤塞致使排涝功能萎缩是流域性大涝的重要原因.5)流域1822/23年冬季、春季早期气温与常年相仿,但期间天气复杂多变,气温冷暖波动频繁,春季后期温度偏低.
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