Monitoring method of biochemical markers is inferred corresponding gene changed according to protein changed in laboratory animals, and have definite limitation in some extent. But DNA fingerprints and microsatellite DNA directly monitored DNA of genetic materials, more accurate、more reliable and direct than biochemical markers. In the experiments six domestic strains(SHR、SHR/sp、WKY、LEW、RCS、F344) of inbred rat were analyzed DNA polymorphism using DNA fingerprints and microsatellite DNA, and set up the exact、reliable、speedy、convenient method of in the heredity monitoring of inbred rats. The result indicated:(1)DNA fingerprints: ①There were 14-19 distinguishable bands on 4.0kb-23.1kb every DNA fingerprinting. The similarity coefficient(F) and the probability of band sharing(X) were more than 0.9 in different individual of the identical inbred rat strain. and indicated more high similarity in genetic materials of the various individual in same group rats. ②The similarity coefficient and the probability of band sharing of DNA fingerprinting were less than 0.07, probability of the identical DNA fingerprinting was less than 10 -22 among the different individuals of different inbred strain. and indicated that there was more different in genetic materials of various individual in different inbred rat groups. ③)DNA fingerprinting obtained by four times experiment from same individual genome are almost coincident DNA fingerprinting from various tissues are also coincident in the same individual of 6 inbred rat strains. ④DNA fingerprinting of filial generation which RCS and LEW hybridized is analyzed, whose bands are found in their parents bands and complied with Mendel heredity law. (2) Microsatellite DNA:①DNA polymorphism was studied using microsatellite DNA method in 6 inbred rat strains. There is much polymorphism among the various rat strains;It was coincidence among the same inbred strains rat groups. ②10 microsatellite loci are analyzed in 6 inbred rat strains group. and the similarity coefficient is more higher (0.7) between SHR with SHR/sp、SHR and F344, which is more lower(0.1) between WKY with LEW and F344 and between LEW with RCS. DNA fingerprints was more polymorphism genetic marker in genome, there were a lot of merit in more bands analysed,monitoring more loci at the same time,more exact reliable,higher specificity and stability in the heredity of animal individuals, and was more better genetic marker. The length of amplification microsatellite DNA was shorter, microsatellite DNA was more sensitive,speedy,convenient than DNA fingerprints in microsatellite loci, then it was more applicable in monitoring of degraded material. In conclusion, DNA fingerprints and microsatellite DNA were more exact、reliable than biochemical markers, but they had a lot of merit shortcoming of every method, therefore selecting a suit method to monitor genetic material DNA of laboratory animals according to quantity,degree of accuracy,equipment and expense of monitoring and so on, and gratified monitoring demand. Monitoring method of biochemical markers is inferred corresponding gene changed according to protein changed in laboratory animals, and have definite limitations in some extent. But DNA fingerprints and microsatellite DNA directly monitored DNA of genetic materials, more accurate, more reliable and direct than biochemical markers. In the experiments six domestic strains (SHR, SHR / sp, WKY, LEW, RCS, F344) of inbred rat were analyzed DNA polymorphism using DNA fingerprints and microsatellite DNA, and set up the exact, reliable, speedy, convenient method of in the The similarity coefficient (F) and the probability of band sharing (X) were more (1) DNA fingerprints: ①here are 14-19 distinguishable bands on 4.0kb-23.1kb each DNA fingerprinting. than 0.9 in different individuals of the identical inbred rat strain. and indicated more high similarity in genetic materials of the various individuals in same group rats. ②The s imilarity coefficient and the probability of band sharing of DNA fingerprinting were less than 0.07, probability of the identical DNA fingerprinting was less than 10 -22 among the different individuals of different inbred strain. and indicated that there was more different in genetic materials of various individual in different inbred rat groups. ③) DNA fingerprinting obtained by the same individual genomes are almost coincident DNA fingerprinting from various tissues are also coincident in the same individual of 6 inbred rat groups. ④DNA fingerprinting of filial generation which RCS and LEW hybridized is analyzed, whose bands are found in their parents bands and complied with Mendel heredity law. (2) Microsatellite DNA: ① DNA polymorphism was studied using microsatellite DNA method in 6 inbred rat strains. There is much polymorphism among the various rat strains; It was coincidence among the same inbred rat groups. ② 10 microsatellite loci are analyzed in 6 inbred rat strains group. and the similarity coefficient is more higher (0.7) between SHR and SHR / sp, SHR and F344, which is more lower (0.1) between WKY with LEW and F344 and between LEW with RCS. in genome, there were a lot of merit in more bands analysed, monitoring more loci at the same time, more exact reliable, higher specificity and stability in the heredity of animal individuals, and was more better genetic marker. The length of amplified microsatellite DNA was shorter, microsatellite DNA was more sensitive, speedy, convenient than DNA fingerprints in microsatellite loci, then it was more applicable in monitoring of degraded material. In conclusion, DNA fingerprints and microsatellite DNA were more exact, reliable than biochemical markers, but they had a lot of merit shortcoming of every method, therefore selecting a suit method to monitor genetic material DNA of laboratory animals according to quantity, degree of accuracy, equipment and expense of monitoring and so on, and gratified monitoring demand.