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为了探讨长期施肥对冬小麦籽粒产量及品质的影响,以12年长期定位试验为基础,对冬小麦籽粒产量变化及加工品质进行了研究。结果表明:(1)缺氮或缺磷处理(CK、N、NK、PK)小麦产量低而不稳,年均产量1059～1291kg/hm2,变异系数40.46%～62.11%;氮磷、氮磷钾配施或氮磷钾与有机物配施(NP、NPK、SNPK、M(N)NPK、M(H)NPK)能持续高产,年均产量5237～5646kg/hm2,变异系数为23.11%～34.23%。(2)CK、N、NK处理籽粒的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、干面筋含量、沉淀值均高于NP、NPK、SNPK、M(N)NPK、M(H)NPK处理,说明小麦优质和高产所要求的养分平衡点不同。(3)要兼顾冬小麦产量和品质,须平衡施肥,重视氮、磷肥的投入。
In order to investigate the effect of long-term fertilization on the grain yield and quality of winter wheat, the yield and quality of winter wheat grain were studied based on 12-year long-term experiment. The results showed that: (1) The wheat yield was low and unstable with nitrogen deficiency or phosphorus deficiency treatment (CK, N, NK, PK), with an average annual yield of 1059-1291 kg / hm2 and a coefficient of variation of 40.46% -62.11% NPK, NPK, SNPK, M (N) NPK and M (H) NPK could be continuously increased with the annual output of 5237 ~ 5646kg / hm2 and the coefficient of variation of 23.11% ~ 34.23 %. (2) The protein content, wet gluten content, dry gluten content and sedimentation value of CK, N and NK were higher than NP, NPK, SNPK, M (N) NPK and M The nutrient balance required for high yield is different. (3) To balance the yield and quality of winter wheat, it is necessary to balance the fertilization and attach importance to the input of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer.