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癌症是危害人类健康最严重的疾病之一,不同国家和地区肿瘤发病情况不同,但在治疗中所面临的基本问题是一致的。一、现代治疗方法的评价迄今为止,癌症的主要治疗手段仍然是外科手术、化疗与放疗。这些治疗方法虽已取得很大的成绩,但只适用于早期病例。如果肿瘤已经发生了扩散或转移,常常导致外科手术的失败。Ⅰ期乳腺癌患者经乳房切除术后,5年治愈率可达75%左右;这已经是一个很大的进展,然而还有25%的患者术后5年内死亡。这些病例的蔓延浸润灶往往在手术中是无法发现的,有些病例早就已经转移了。外科手术虽然切除了肿瘤组织,但同时又给机体带来了一定程度的损害。此外,局部淋巴结是否应该切除?如果已有肿瘤转移,当然以切除为好,但局部肿大的淋巴结并不一
Cancer is one of the most serious diseases that endanger human health. The incidence of cancer in different countries and regions is different, but the basic problems faced in the treatment are the same. First, the evaluation of modern treatment methods So far, the main treatment of cancer is still surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Although these treatments have achieved great results, they are only suitable for early cases. If the tumor has spread or metastasized, it often leads to a failure of the surgery. After mastectomy in patients with stage I breast cancer, the 5-year cure rate can reach about 75%; this is a big progress, but there are 25% of patients died within 5 years after surgery. The spread of invasive foci in these cases is often undetectable during surgery, and some cases have already been transferred. Although surgical resection of tumor tissue, but at the same time to the body caused a certain degree of damage. In addition, should regional lymph nodes be resected? If tumor metastases are present, of course, resection is good, but localized lymph nodes are not