利用江汉平原农户调查数据,运用二元选择模型分析不同类型农户土壤保护认知与行为决策。结果表明:不同类型农户的土壤保护认知水平存在差异,且农户的土壤保护认知与其行为决策之间的差距较为明显;户主教育程度、农户土壤保护认知与耕地块数是影响所有类型农户土壤保护行为决策的显著因素;是否租入土地与接受农业技术培训对纯农户土壤保护行为有显著影响;人均耕地面积对I兼农户有显著影响;户主是否兼业与家庭非农就业比例对II兼农户有显著影响;户主年龄对III兼农户有显著影响。由此提出建议:提高各类农户土壤保护认知,缩小农户行为决策与认知差距的关键在于加强土壤保护知识与技术的宣传,培养农户土壤保护意识与技能,并通过土地整理等措施为农户采取土壤保护行为提供便利条件,在保障各方收入来源的基础上,引导土地从III兼农户向专业经营户流转。 Based on the survey data of farmer households in Jianghan plain, this paper analyzes the soil conservation cognition and behavior decision of different types of farmers by using binary selection model. The results showed that there was a difference in cognition level of soil conservation among different types of farmers, and the difference between farmer households’ awareness of soil protection and their behavior decision-making was obvious. The education level of heads of household, cognition of soil protection and the number of arable land affected farmer households affected all types of farmer households Significant factors in decision-making of soil conservation behavior; whether renting land and receiving agricultural technology training had a significant impact on the soil conservation behavior of pure farmer households; per capita arable land area had a significant impact on I-and-farmer households; Both farmers and farmers have a significant impact; head of household III and farmers have a significant impact. Therefore, the suggestions are as follows: The key to improving the cognition of soil conservation for all kinds of farmers and narrowing the decision-making and cognition gap between peasant households lies in strengthening the propaganda of soil protection knowledge and technology, cultivating the awareness and skills of peasants in soil protection, To take the soil conservation activities to provide facilities to protect the sources of income of all parties, based on the guidance of the land from III-based farmers to professional business households transfer.