肝窦阻塞综合征（HSOS）是肝血窦、肝小叶中央静脉和/或小叶间静脉内皮细胞损伤导致管腔狭窄或闭塞，以肝损伤和急性窦性门静脉高压为特征的一种肝脏血管性疾病。大多数HSOS为轻型经过，但严重患者可导致多器官功能障碍/衰竭，病死率高达70%～80%。因而尽早识别HSOS，并给予及时的治疗至关重要。现介绍目前临床上用于诊断HSOS的标准，包括改良Seattle标准、Baltimore标准和“南京标准”，并对其特点、适用范围和局限性进行综述。“,”Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) is a kind of hepatic vascular disease which is characterized by damage to hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, centrilobular hepatic vein and/or interlobular vein, resulting in stenosis or lumen occlusion, hepatic injury and acute sinusoidal portal hypertension. Generally, most patients with HSOS have mild manifestations, but in severely ill patients, the disease can lead to multiple organ dysfunction/failure, and the mortality rate can be as high as 70%-80%. Therefore, it is important to identify and treat HSOS as soon as possible. This paper introduces the current clinical diagnostic criteria of HSOS, including the Modified Seattle and Baltimore Criteria along with “Nanjing Criteria”, and reviews their characteristics, scope of application and limitations.