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美国学术界在1950年代初期开始研究复杂的停战谈判。不过,在早期的研究中,只要不是从纯学术角度出发来探讨停战谈判,几乎都认为中朝方面的政策导致谈判长期拖延下去,美国的谈判政策就是要确保获得公平公正的停战协议。这种在美国学术界长期占据主导地位的看法后来受到英国学者的强有力挑战,并引发了激烈的争论。无论少数美国学者是否同意,美英学术界的主要研究均表明,美国政府在战俘问题上的多重考虑,以及其顽固坚持所谓的“自愿遣返”战俘的政策,使朝鲜谈判变得异常复杂,进而阻碍了谈判的顺利发展。至于谈判如何结束的问题,学者们则围绕着艾森豪威尔政府的核威慑政策是否影响到谈判达成协议而产生较大的分歧。不管怎样,美英学术界对朝鲜停战谈判的研究存在一个较为明显的缺陷,即没有详细阐述交战双方的谈判政策在整个谈判过程中的互动关系。因此,利用中、美、俄三方档案资料系统深入地探讨朝鲜停战谈判,应该成为中国学者努力去追求的一个学术方向。
American academics began to study the complex truce negotiations in the early 1950s. However, in the early studies, as long as they were not discussing armistice negotiations from a purely academic point of view, almost all thought that the policy of China and the DPRK led to prolonged delays in negotiations, the U.S. negotiating policy is to ensure fair and just truce agreements. This long-held view of the academic community in the United States was later challenged strongly by British scholars and sparked heated debates. Regardless of whether a handful of American scholars agree or not, the major studies in both the United States and Britain have shown that the U.S. government’s multiple considerations on the issue of prisoners of war and its stubborn adherence to the so-called “voluntary repatriation” policy of prisoners of war have made it extremely complicated. Thus hindering the smooth development of the negotiations. As for how the negotiations ended, academics had a big disagreement around whether the Eisenhower administration’s nuclear deterrence policy would affect the negotiation of an agreement. In any case, there is a more obvious flaw in the study of the Armistice Talks between the United States and Britain in the academic circle in North Korea. In other words, it fails to elaborate on the interactive relationship between the negotiation policies of the two warring parties during the entire negotiation process. Therefore, using the file information system of China, the United States and Russia to discuss in depth the Armistice Talks in North Korea should become an academic direction that Chinese scholars strive to pursue.