收入效应与替代效应,正常品、劣等品和吉芬商品,以及消费者的最优化问题是微观经济学的重要理论基础,也是学生学习的难点。本文尝试以文字、图解和函数相结合的方式对此教学内容进行了有益的探讨。 The income effect and substitution effect, the normal goods, inferior goods and Ji Fen goods, as well as the optimization problem of consumers are the important theoretical basis of microeconomics and also the difficulty of students’ learning. This article attempts to use text, graphics and functions of a combination of the teaching content of this useful discussion.