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目的 :通过研究和分析中国女子自由式摔跤队8名重点队员的运动损伤原因,为备战2016年里约奥运会工作提供行之有效的物理治疗方法。方法 :运用文献资料法、现场测试评估、专家访谈法、数理统计法等研究方法,对国家8名女子自由跤重点队员的损伤及部位进行诊断,并对运动损伤的特点进行研究与分析,进而提出相应的物理治疗策略。结果 :女子自由式摔跤运动员的损伤部位大多集中在膝关节、下背部、踝关节和颈部;有些部位损伤是由多种原因导致,且损伤发生后引发疼痛时间较长。结论 :1)损伤部位主要集中在膝关节、下背部和踝关节,其中,膝关节损伤主要因准备活动不足和膝关节周围力量不足导致,下背痛是因肌肉长期处于紧张状态、无法得到放松和力量训练出现不均衡导致,踝关节损伤则是因其本身的解剖结构和无法得到有效的治疗和恢复所致;2)加强髋部和腿部软组织放松、改善腰椎和胸椎灵活性、贴扎和保持良好的身体姿势可以改善下背痛症状;3)贴扎和放松股四头肌等软组织,并注意髌骨在做下蹲时的位置可以降低膝关节疼痛症状;4)逐步增加小腿肌群力量,注意良好的站立姿势可以促进踝关节损伤康复和避免再次损伤。
Objective: To study and analyze the causes of sports injuries of 8 key members of the Chinese women’s freestyle wrestling team in order to provide effective physical therapy for preparing for the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. Methods: Using the methods of literature review, field test and evaluation, expert interviews and mathematical statistics to diagnose the injury and location of the 8 female free-wrest key players in China and to study and analyze the characteristics of sports injuries. Put forward the corresponding physical therapy strategy. Results: Most women’s free-style wrestlers suffered from injuries mainly in the knee, lower back, ankle and neck. Some injuries were caused by various causes and the pain was longer after injury. CONCLUSIONS: 1) The injury sites mainly focus on the knee, lower back and ankle. Among them, the knee injury is mainly caused by lack of preparation and lack of strength around the knee joint. The lower back pain is due to long-term muscle tension and can not be relaxed And strength training imbalance, ankle injury is due to its own anatomy and can not be effectively treated and recovered; 2) to strengthen the hip and leg soft tissue relaxation, improve lumbar and thoracic flexibility, posted And maintaining a good body posture can improve the symptoms of lower back pain; 3) sticking and relax the quadriceps and other soft tissue, and pay attention to the location of the patella when doing squatting can reduce knee pain symptoms; 4) gradually increase the calf muscles Strength, attention to good standing posture can promote recovery of ankle injuries and avoid further damage.