论文部分内容阅读
为明确长期氮磷钾肥配施下贵州典型黄壤玉米产量、氮磷钾肥增产效应及土壤养分的演变特征,利用国家贵阳黄壤肥力与肥效长期定位试验,研究氮磷钾平衡施肥(NPK)与缺素施肥(N、NK、NP、PK)对玉米相对产量、氮磷钾肥增产贡献率及土壤氮磷钾素养分可持续性指数等的影响.结果表明:氮磷钾平衡施肥有显著增产效果,玉米相对产量均值为:NPK>NP>NK>PK>CK;氮、磷、钾肥增产贡献率和农学利用率均为氮肥>磷肥>钾肥,施肥依存度为氮、磷、钾肥配施>氮肥>磷肥>钾肥,但缺磷处理(NK)玉米相对产量以每年1.4%的速度极显著下降,磷肥贡献率和依存度则以每年2.3%和1.4%的速度极显著上升,最终磷肥对玉米生产的影响逐渐与氮肥持平;缺磷处理土壤p H值和有机质含量均最低,而缺氮处理则较高;施用化学磷肥可提高黄壤磷素可持续性指数,但氮肥和钾肥对黄壤氮素和钾素可持续性指数无显著影响.综上,平衡施肥是贵州典型黄壤地区玉米高产的重要保障,其中磷肥与氮肥同等重要,但长期单施化肥尤其是缺磷处理不利于黄壤养分的可持续利用.
In order to clarify the effects of NPK fertilization on the yield and the evolution of soil nutrients of typical yellow maize soil in Guizhou Province, long-term fertilization and long-term fertilization experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of NPK fertilization (NPK) Fertilization (N, NK, NP, PK) on the relative yield of maize, the contribution of N, P and K fertilization and the index of soil N, P and K nutrition sustainability.The results showed that N, P, NPK> NP> NK> PK> CK. The contribution rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium production and the rate of agricultural use were nitrogen fertilizer> phosphate fertilizer> potassium fertilizer, and the fertilization dependence was nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer> nitrogen fertilizer> But the relative yield of phosphorus deficiency treatment (NK) maize decreased significantly at a rate of 1.4% per annum. The contribution and dependence of phosphate fertilizer increased extremely significantly at a rate of 2.3% and 1.4% per annum respectively. The effect of phosphate fertilizer on maize production Gradually increased with nitrogen fertilizer; p H value and organic matter content of phosphorus deficiency treatment soil were the lowest, but nitrogen deficiency treatment was higher; chemical phosphorus fertilizer application could improve the phosphorus sustainability index of yellow soil, but nitrogen and potassium fertilizer had a negative effect on nitrogen and potassium Sustainability means No significant effects on comprehensive, balanced fertilization is an important guarantee for high-yielding corn Guizhou typical yellow soil regions, phosphate and nitrogen fertilizer are equally important, but long-term application of chemical fertilizer, especially phosphorus deficiency treatment is not conducive to the sustainable use of yellow soil nutrients.