对大脑的认知是人类认识自然和自身的终极挑战,脑科学研究的核心是理解脑功能的结构及物质基础。中科院在2012年启动了战略性先导科技专项(B类)“脑功能联结图谱计划”(Mapping Brain Functional Connections;简称:脑联接图谱;MBFC,2012—2020),目标是对特定脑功能的神经联结通路和网络结构的解析及模拟。专项代表了脑科学研究的战略制高点,对揭示脑的工作原理、推动智能科学技术进步、增进人类身心健康等方面都具有十分重要的意义。专项设立以来,在感知觉神经环路发育和功能、视觉与本能恐惧行为的神经环路机制、情绪的神经环路编码机制、成瘾和抑郁症等脑疾病机理、意识的神经基础、基因编译技术及脑疾病的非人灵长类模型、神经元分类和功能分析技术及其应用、神经环路双色钙成像方法、神经环路结构与功能研究工具开发、深度神经网络芯片研制,以及资源库与平台建设等方面取得了一系列重要的科学发现和技术研发进展。我们将进一步按照专项十年规划,开展脑认知科学、类脑人工智能技术、脑疾病早期诊断及干预3个前沿领域的科学研究,以及相关新技术研发和脑科技资源库建设,发挥中科院在脑与认知基础研究和技术研发等领域的引领作用。 Cognition of the brain is the ultimate challenge for mankind to understand nature and itself. The core of brain science research is to understand the structure and material basis of brain function. Chinese Academy of Sciences launched the Strategic Pilot Program for Science and Technology (Category B), Mapping Brain Functional Connections (MBFC, 2012-2020) in 2012 with the goal of targeting specific brain functions Analysis and Simulation of Neural Links and Network Structure. Special representatives of the strategic commanding height of brain science research, to reveal the working principle of the brain, to promote the advancement of intelligent science and technology, enhance human physical and mental health and so has a very important significance. Since its establishment, it has been widely used in neurological mechanisms such as neural circuits that senses the development and function of neural circuits, visual and instinctive phobic behaviors, neural ring coding mechanism of emotion, brain diseases such as addiction and depression, neural basis of consciousness, gene compilation Technology and brain diseases non-human primates model, neuron classification and function analysis technology and its application, neural circuit two-color calcium imaging method, neural circuit structure and function research tool development, deep neural network chip development, and resource library And platform construction has made a series of important scientific discoveries and technological research and development progress. We will further carry out scientific research in the three frontier fields of brain cognitive science, brain-based artificial intelligence technology, early diagnosis and intervention of brain diseases, as well as related new technology research and development and brain resource pool construction in accordance with the special 10-year plan. Brain and cognitive basic research and technology research and development in areas such as the leading role.