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人类通过女性的一条X染色体随机失活的方式对X连锁的基因进行表达的调控,以实现基因的剂量补偿效应,目前对X失活机制的研究表明,X染色体上的失活中心通过表达的非编码RNA对所在染色体进行顺式调控,但结构异常的X染色体的失活并不是随机的,有关X染色体失活机理的研究有待深入。
Human X-linked genes are regulated by the random inactivation of a female X chromosome in order to achieve the gene dose-compensation effect. The current research on the mechanism of X inactivation shows that the inactivation center on X chromosome is expressed through Non-coding RNA cis-regulated chromosomes, but structural abnormalities in the X chromosome inactivation is not random, the mechanism of X-chromosome inactivation needs further study.