论文部分内容阅读
18世纪是人类历史发展的分水岭。在西方,经历文艺复兴、启蒙运动后,资产阶级革命风起云涌,使欧洲进入一个崭新的时代;在东方,以中国为代表的封建君主专制集权,随着军机处的设立,达到了顶峰,到乾隆后期,社会呈衰败之势。然两种相反的结果,并不妨碍东西方两种文明在18世纪以前所未有的热度相互碰撞,在欧洲对中国的认识形成过程中,18世纪是一个非常重要的时期。本文以互动中的法俄两国的中国观为例,来探讨法国传教士在中西互动中重视《四库全书》的修纂问题,启蒙思想家对中国政治的认识加深;起初俄国通过西欧的“中国风”来认识中国,随着东正教团在中国的立足,以及叶卡捷琳娜二世始终对中国国土的觊觎,使得俄国人眼中的中国观在矛盾中交织、生存,进而分析出法俄两国不同的中国观。
The eighteenth century is a watershed in the development of human history. In the West, after the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, the bourgeois revolution surged to make Europe enter a brand-new era. In the East, the feudal monarchy autocratic centralization represented by China reached its peak with the establishment of the Military Command. Later, the society showed a declining trend. However, the two opposite results did not prevent the two civilizations of East and West from colliding with each other in unprecedented degree in the 18th century. In the course of the formation of the European understanding of China, the 18th century was a very important period. This article uses the interaction between France and Russia as an example to explore the French missionaries in the interaction between China and the West to pay attention to the compilation of the “Sikuquanshu” Enlightenment thinkers to deepen understanding of Chinese politics; at first Russia through Western Europe’s “Chinese style” to understand China. With the establishment of the Orthodox Church in China and Cynicals II’s constant obsession with Chinese territory, the Chinese outlook in the eyes of Russians is intertwined and survived in the contradictions, Different views on China between France and Russia.