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秦岭北麓坡陡谷深、河谷密集,山前形成大片冲洪积扇相互叠加、连接成带。冲洪积扇具有特殊的地质构造,影响了秦岭北麓的水系展布、地形地貌,使其具有气候湿润、水流密集、天然渗水和植被繁茂等环境特征。秦岭北麓的传统村落在此延续千年,与其环境形成了良好的适应关系,因此这些村落的经验十分值得学习与借鉴。文中通过运用GIS软件进行河网提取、河道分级、流域分析、坡向坡度和密度分析,对秦岭北麓175个村庄的选址与布点进行分项研究与数据统计,得出秦岭北麓的村庄布点具有逐小水、趋域界;背山、临下、居顶和扇形布局模式的特征和最终决定村落布点的根本性因素、主导性因素和决定性因素。
Qinling northern slopes steep valleys deep, dense valleys, piedmont alluvial fans form a superposition of each other, connected into a belt. The alluvial fan has special geological structure and affects the distribution of water system and topography in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains. It has the characteristics of humid climate, intensive water flow, natural seepage and vegetation lushness. The traditional villages at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains continue for thousands of years here, forming a good adaptive relationship with their environment. Therefore, the experience of these villages is worth learning and drawing lessons from. Through the use of GIS software for river network extraction, river classification, watershed analysis, slope gradient and density analysis, the study on the site selection and distribution of 175 villages in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains is carried out. The results show that the villages The distribution point has the characteristics of small water and trend area, the characteristics of the pattern of mountain, subjacent, ceiling and fan-shaped layout and the fundamental, final and decisive factors that ultimately determine the location of the village.