异化文学是现代西方文学的重要组成部分 ,也是 2 0世纪德国文学的一条主线。本文从文学与社会和哲学发展的关系出发 ,对德国异化文学发展的起因作一初步分析和探讨。 Alienated literature is an important part of modern western literature and also a main line of German literature in the 20th century. Based on the relationship between literature and social and philosophical development, this article makes a preliminary analysis and discussion on the causes of the development of alienated literature in Germany.