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阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
（一）
If I have a learning strategy（策略），I would say it is imitation（模仿）. I like watching Disney cartoons. They are so interesting 1 I watch them again and again. I don’t remember when I began to imitate the 2 （dialogue），but I do remember that one day my English teacher said that my pronunciation and intonation（语调） 3 （be） quite good. I think by imitation，I get not only beautiful pronunciation and intonation，but also 4 kind of “feeling” for English.
My another strategy is 5 （guess） the meaning of words in the context（语境），and I got that quite occasionally. Once I 6 （read） an English story when I came across a new word. But I was so involved in the story that I didn’t want to stop 7 （check） its meaning. So I looked around the word and guessed its 8 （it） meaning. Later，when I looked it
9 ，I found that I was right！ Since then，I began to practice this strategy. By doing this，my guessing 10
（able） improves and moreover，my reading speed increases！
（二）
Nowadays，many Shanghai white-collar 1 （work） have received native English speaking international students as their host families，in order to learn English from them.
It’s usually free for foreign students 2 （stay） in a host family in Shanghai，but he/she must undertake the 3
（responsible） of teaching English to one certain members of the family. Miss Li has always worried 4 her limited English. “I never knew what to say to an English-speaking person，”said she. She has taken many English courses，but none has proved to be useful. Last year，she saw an advertisement recruiting （征募）host families for foreign students，and that 5 （be） how Emma（from Chicago）came to her home. She stays in Li’s apartment for free，but has to teach Li oral English for one hour every day.“She could hardly speak Chinese at the beginning，and we had to guess 6 each other meant through gestures，”said Li.
Two months 7 （late），they could talk to each other without gesturing. Now，Li can communicate with any English-speaking person 8 （free）. About 100 Shanghai families
9 （receive） foreign boarding students（寄宿学生），and the figure is rising. However，foreign boarding students can only help improve oral English， 10 not examination skills.
（三）
Escaping from a fire is a serious matter. 1 （know） what to do during a fire can save a life. It’s important to know the ways you can use and show them to your family，for example，you can use stairways，roofs and fire escapes， 2 no lifts. From the lower floors of buildings，to escape 3 windows is possible. Learn the 4 （good） way of leaving by a window with the least chance of serious 5 （injure）.
The second floor window 6 （be）usually not very high from ground. An average person，hanging from the window by the fingertips will have a drop of about six 7 （foot）to the ground - about the height of an average man. Of course，it’s safer 8 （jump） a short way than to stay in a burning building.
Windows are also 9 （use） while you’re awaiting help. Be sure to keep the door closed，before opening the window. Otherwise，smoke and fire may be drawn into the room. Keep your head low next to the window so that you get fresh air.
On the second or third floor，the best windows to escape from are those 10 open onto a roof. From the roof a person can drop to the ground more safely.
（四）
As we all know that China is situated in one of the most active earthquake regions in the world and there have been many terrible earthquakes， of 1 the most serious occurred in Hua County in Shanxi Province 2 1556. The earthquake affected eight provinces in Central China. It covered 3 area of 800 square kilometers. In some communities，60 percent of the population 4 （kill）. In all，830，000 people lost their 5 （life）. The California Earthquake of the 18th of April 1906 is the 6 （bad） earthquake that has ever happened in the United States. It took place at 5：15 a.m.，and lasted for only a minute. However，it caused the worst 7 （nature） disaster in the nation’s history. Fires 8 （cause） by the quake burned for three days，destroying a total of 25，000 buildings. Approximately 500 people were killed in the city of San Francisco and 250，000 were made 9 （home）. In the whole of California，the earthquake and fires caused about 3，000
10 （die）.
（五）
Plants are very important living things. Life could not go on if there 1 （be）no plants. This is because plants can make food from air，water and sunlight. Animals and men cannot make food from air，water and sunlight. Animals get their food by
2 （eat）plants and animals too. Therefore，animals and men need plants in order to live. This is the reason 3 we find that there are so many plants around us.
If you look 4 （care）at the plants around，you
5 （find） that there are many kinds of plants. Some plants are large 6 others are small. Most plants are green.
Some plants have many small 7 （leaf）. Others have only a few large leaves. There are many kinds of leaves. 8 （they） leaves are of different shapes and colors.
Leaves are also 9 （differ）in other ways. Some leaves have short leaf stalks （叶柄） while others have long leaf stalks. Still others have no stalks at all. 10 edges of leaves are also different. Some leaves have smooth edges. Some have wavy edges like the teeth of saw （锯子）.
（六）
Pollution means adding dirty or harmful things to land，air，water and so on. As a result，they are no longer 1
（please）or safe to use. Pollution is bad for animals and plants，and it even makes 2 （people） health in danger. In our daily life，we can see different kinds of pollution in many places. There are three main forms of pollution： land pollution，air pollution 3 water pollution.
Land pollution 4 （cause） by solid waste，such as cans （罐头），bottles and some plastic things 5 aren’t broken down 6 （quick）. It makes the environment look very bad. However，air pollution is more serious than land pollution. It is much 7 （bad） in cities and towns due to the waste gas from traffic and the waste from human 8 （active）. When people drive their cars，waste gas which consists of CO2，NO2 and SO2 are given 9 . After the gases get into the air，they may mix with clouds. Then they will become some harmful chemicals 10 （fall）on the ground with rain. It’s one of the reasons for soil erosion（侵蚀）which is one example of water pollution.
（七）
Robots do many different jobs. Usually these jobs are too dangerous，difficult or 1 （bore） for humans. They also help disabled people and people 2 cannot look after themselves. For example，scientists are making a robot 3
（help）blind people. Now many of them have a guide dog to help them. In the future，guide dogs might be robot dogs.
One robot dog is called Meldog. It has wheels. It usually “walks” in front of its owner. It’s clever and knows the speed of
4 （it） owner’s walk. Meldog talks to its owner 5
radio. The owner wears a special belt. This belt sends 6 （instruct） to the owner from Meldog such as “Stop here”，“Turn left” and “Turn right”.
7 type of robot helps disabled workers. This robot，
8 （call） Kilroy，helps disabled computer operators. The robot hears the sound of its owner’s voice. It follows instructions such as “Turn the page” and “Make a cup of coffee”.
Robots 9 （use） in American hospitals too. They can do simple jobs. For example，they shave patients，brush their teeth and take meals to 10 （patient） rooms. It never gets lost because this robot has a map of the hospital in its computer memory. （八）
Smart phones have become quite popular across the world with their outstanding functions. People can use the phones 1
（surf）the Internet，update their personal microblog，and upload（上传） their latest pictures anywhere at any time. It seems that smart phones have already become a necessity in 2 （people） daily lives. However，some people are addicted to smart phones， 3 brings side-effects to their normal life.
Some people，especially teenagers， 4 （easy） fall for smart phones. Nowadays，people are under great pressure，and the phone provides a platform for people to relax themselves. By playing mini-games，chatting 5 friends，watching movies and listening to music，people can easily forget 6
（they） existing problems. Besides，there is always something new on the phone. It can be interesting，mysterious and various.
7 people are eager to turn on their phones to see what
8 （happen） around them. When people spend too much time on the phones，they don’t have enough chance to communicate with their friends or 9 （parent）.
People should take the smart phone addiction seriously. Quitting the addiction needs time and 10 （patient）. People should turn off their phones，go outside and communicate with others face to face. Do more exercise and form a positive attitude towards life.
（九）
Much has been said and written about heroes now，but what makes a hero？
Olympic winner Jackie Joyner-Kersee tells young people to work hard. She hopes that if someone tries to copy her，it’ll be because she has got success by working hard. She says a hero should affect another 1 （person） life.
Poet Maya Angelou believes a hero encourages people 2
（treat） others well. A hero should show 3 （polite），courage，patience，and strength all the time. A hero should encourage others to follow 4 （he） with actions，even if only 5 small ways.
Author Boorstin suggests that，“Celebrities（名人）are people 6 appear on newspapers，but heroes are people who make history.” If a person is 7 （true） a hero，he won’t be soon forgotten.
We all need heroes. We need to be able to respect people around us. Most often，the greatest heroes are the people we see every day — our relatives，friends and neighbors — who will never give up when 8 （face） difficulty. The parent who
9 （support） our family，the teacher who will make more money at another job but chooses to help students — all these people can be considered as heroes. A hero sets 10 good example，an example that encourages others to follow. （十）
“Chinese style road crossing” 1 （be） a hot topic in China. Many cities have started to punish these jaywalkers（乱穿马路的人）.
“Chinese style road crossing”means that you cross roads with lots of people and you don’t care 2 traffic lights at all.
Beijing government announced that people 3 don’t wait for the green light to cross the road 4 （receive） a fine of 10 yuan. Furthermore， 5 （use） the diagonal （对角线） to cross the road is also against the rules. Walkers should walk in an “L” shape. Besides Beijing，many places have also taken steps 6 （stop）“Chinese style road crossing”. Provinces such as Sichuan，Shanxi and Zhejiang have already started to fine jaywalkers 5 to 50 yuan since last year. This 7 （punish） can call on people to realize the importance of traffic safety. However，many people complain that the red lights last too long. “Everyone should follow the rules，or the country will lose 8 （it） order，” said People’s Daily.
Some cities have also paid attention to the problem. For example，Beijing government said it should not only punish these jaywalkers， 9 improve road safety facilities（设施），such as 10 （proper） fixing traffic lights and building overpasses （天桥）. Anyhow safety must come first.
（十一）
According to one story，the idea for making the first teddy bear came from a newspaper cartoon drawn in 1904. This cartoon showed President Teddy Roosevelt on a hunting trip refusing
1 （shoot） a young bear. The young bear became 2
symbol for Teddy Roosevelt.
Morris Michtom owned a small candy and toy store in New York City. He and his wife made many of the toys they sold. When he saw the cartoon，he 3 （sudden） had a wonderful idea. He decided to make a toy bear with eyes and legs and arms 4 moved. The bear was put in the store window next to a copy of the cartoon. Mr. Michtom called 5 “Teddy’s Bear”.
Many of these bears 6 （sell）. The bears became so popular that Mr. Michtom thought he might need President Roosevelt’s 7 （permit） to use his name. He wrote 8
the president and sent him a “Teddy Bear”. The president answered， 9 （say） that Mr. Michtom could use his name.
Mr. Michtom borrowed money so that he could make thousands of toy bears. His company became the Ideal Toy Corporation. Today this is one of the biggest toy 10 （company） in the United States.
（十二）
Antarctica，the coldest place on Earth，is the fifth largest continent in the world. The conditions there 1 （be） quite extreme with nearly no rainfall. 98% of the surface 2 （cover） permanently with ice. Strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline. However，it is full 3 wildlife like the famous penguins（企鹅）， 4 has adapted to its extreme conditions. The ice there has become a window on the past with gases and minerals 5 （trap） in it. It was not until 1895 6 the Norwegian explorer Carstens Borchgrevink set foot on the Antarctic mainland. In 1961，twelve countries signed a treaty（条约）to make it the world’s 7
（big）nature reserve.
Antarctica is the only continent that has never had a native population of humans because it has always been such an extreme environment. The inaccessibility（难接近） of the place and the lack of 8 （rely） food and means for constructing shelter has kept humans away for thousands of 9 （year）. But the new technologies developed over the last 200 years made it possible for people 10 （reach） these icy shores to explore and study the Antarctic for the first time in human history.
（十三）
Nowadays，soccer or football is the most popular sport. This is because many countries have wonderful teams for the World Cup. The World Cup 1 （hold） every four years.
2 （remember） 2002 FIFA World Cup，children from different countries and 3 （many） than 60 children from Japanese schools came together and spent three weekends drawing a big picture 4 （call）“Dream World Cups”in Japan. The children drew animals，flowers and people playing soccer 5 a blue bright sky. They wished each football team good luck by drawing the flags of all the countries 6
would take part in the World Cup in Japan and South Korea.
7 picture was put up in a park near a playground in Yokohama. Some football teams would have games there.
Are you a football fan？ The World Cup makes more and more people 8 （interest） in football. Teenagers like playing and 9 （watch） football. Many of them love some football stars so much that they get the pictures of their favorite players on the walls of their rooms. That is the way to show their love for the World Cup as 10 （child） in Japan.
（十四）
The Oxford English Dictionary （OED） is thinking of adding the Chinese word tuhao to 1 （it）2016 edition（版本）.
The word 2 （become） popular in China during the past few months to describe newly rich people who spend money
3 wasteful ways. Tuhao has caught on in Western countries，too，to describe similar people in their countries.
The 4 （adopt） of the word by foreign countries is an example of China’s spreading influence in the world not only economically（经济上）， 5 also socially and culturally. People are paying attention to 6 is happening in China and are picking up some Chinese words in the process， 7 （especial） those words that express unique Chinese ideas that cannot be easily translated into English.
The news that the OED was adding these words has met with some criticism（批评）. Some people say the words embarrass China，but others insist that in a globalized society it is 8 （nature） for words to spread and be adopted elsewhere. In fact，a word like tuhao expresses the humor of China. It is easy 9 （pronounce） and very accurate at making fun of rich people who have 10 （much） money than taste（修养，品味）.
（十五）
In the 19th century，women writers were opposed. But that did not prevent the women writers 1 composing （创作） good works. This period produced five of the most courageous and
2 （gift） authoresses. Those 3 got around this ban were： Jane Austen，the three Bronte sisters，and the writer
4 （know） as George Eliot.
Jane Austen is the writer of Pride and Prejudice. Charlotte Bronte wrote the famous novel Jane Eyre. 5 writer of Silas Marner is Mary Ann Evans，who 6 （force） to publish her works under the name of George Eliot.
n the 19th century，there 7 （be） also some famous male writers，for example，Charles Dickens，who wrote a lot of famous works. Although his output was 8 （great）than any of the authoresses mentioned above，his impact（影响）was not greater than 9 （they）.
Meanwhile in 1869 John Stuart Mill published his book The Subjection of Women，which demanded equal rights for women. Also in 1869 women in Britain were allowed 10 （vote） in local elections.
（十六）
As one of the greatest kings in the history of India，Emperor Akbar is the third generation of the emperor of Mughal Empire.
One day Emperor Akbar and his minister Birbal were taking a walk in the palace gardens. It 1 （be） a nice summer morning and there were a great many of crows （乌鸦） 2 （happy）playing around the pond. While watching the crows，
3 question，all of a sudden，came into Akbar’s head. He wondered 4 many crows were there in his kingdom.
Since Birbal was accompanying him，he asked Birbal this question. After a moment’s 5 （think），Birbal replied with great confidence，“There are ninety-five thousand four hundred and sixty-three crows in the Kingdom”.
Greatly 6 （amaze） by his quick response（池塘），Akbar tried to test him one more time，“What if there are 7
（many）crows than you answered？” Without hesitation Birbal replied，“If there are more crows than my answer，then some crows 8 （visit）from other neighboring kingdoms”. “And what if there are less crows”，Akbar asked. “Then some crows from our kingdom have gone 9 holidays to other 10 （place）”.
（以上十六篇为许炳杰老师原创）
（十七）
As a Senior Three student，I devote myself to my study all day long and make good 1 （prepare） for the coming exams，ignoring many other things. Personally speaking，time permitting，I would like 2 （spend） some spare time staying with my family， 3 are extremely concerned about how I’m getting along with my study. Besides，they always remind me of the importance of study. As a consequence，I am 4
great pressure and sometimes cannot stand 5 （they） complaint. In order to be admitted to a key university and live
6 comfortable life in the future，I am determined to get over my laziness and go all out for my dream. Unless I insist on
7 （struggle），I am unlikely to succeed eventually.
8 （fortunate），with the help of my teachers and under the guidance of my parents，up to now I 9 （make） great progress and I am convinced that realizing my ideal 10 （be）not a distant dream.
（十八）
One evening Mr. Green went to the cinema on 1 （he）own. After seeing the movie，he made his way home 2
（immediate）. Walking in the darkness，he was a bit 3 （frighten） because there was hardly anyone in sight. All of
4 sudden，he noticed a man passing by him in a hurry. When Mr. Green looked down，he found his mobile phone in the pocket 5 （miss）. An idea struck him that it was the very man who had just stolen his mobile phone. 6 （get）it back，Mr. Green quickened his pace and it was not long 7
he caught up with him. At that time，the man 8 （make） a call with a phone which looked exactly like Mr. Green’s. Without hesitation Mr. Green snatched（抢夺） it and dashed home like crazy. Upon getting home，astonished，he found his mobile phone lying 9 the desk. Not until then did he realize it was he rather than the man who was a real 10 （rob）.
（十九）
Da Vinci was 1 great artist，engineer and natural scientist. In primary school，he 2 （be） a top student in his class，doing well in all his subjects. It seemed that he was
3 （particular） interested in drawing in his spare time. For this reason，his father decided 4 （send） him to learn drawing. Da Vinci’s teacher was extremely strict 5
him，and required him to draw eggs for a couple of days. In the beginning，Da Vinci showed great interest 6 it was not long before he got bored. So 7 （patient） was he that he felt like quitting it. Later his teacher persuaded him to carry on with it，saying that no eggs in the world looked exactly the same. Greatly 8 （inspire） by the teacher，Da Vinci devoted all 9 （he） to drawing with great patience. Year by year he drew eggs even better than his teacher. Today，Da Vinci is still remembered as one of the most remarkable 10 （art） in history throughout the world.
（二十）
“There is no end to learning”is a proverb which means knowledge is like an 1 （end） ocean and we can never make knowledge part of ourselves without hard work. We will never realize our personal value unless we keep 2 （learn）.
We learn not only in class 3 outside the campus. Learning is a process 4 which man adapts to his surroundings. We learn from both books and 5 （we） experience. “To learn is to be young. Not to learn is to die.” This saying applies to all ages.
Knowledge will not 6 （acquire） without pains and hard work. Only when we focus our time and energy on our studies can we accomplish our goals. Success is never final and 7
（fail）never fatal.
When I 8 （enter） middle school，I know it is only the first step on the road leading to the sea of knowledge. I am eager 9 （obtain） new skills and information，which helps me to adapt to 10 fast-changing world. The more I learn，the more I feel the necessity to learn.
（二十一）
I’m a bird lover and have always had a strong desire 1
（watch） birds flying. For me，animals are lovely creatures all the time. Unfortunately，even these lovely birds at times cannot survive 2 terrible weather of life. I remember clearly one day I witnessed a baby bird that looked helpless 3 she got weaker and weaker. She wanted to open her tiny mouth， 4
（possible） trying to call out for help. However，her parents were in a nearby nest taking care of other healthy baby birds and seemingly 5 （forget） her. I admit I am not expert on birds； I cannot say whether or not it is normal practice for the parents to leave 6 （they） struggling baby. Maybe the parents of the 7 （die）baby bird didn’t hear their baby’s
8 （silence） cries，or they heard but didn’t want to offer a helping hand. 9 heartless persons the parents are！ When seeing the sick baby bird died finally，I burst into tears！ If I 10 （be） a mother，I would love my dear children heart and soul.
（二十二）
The rough roads here in the mountains of my home can make for some very interesting travels at times. Several weeks ago，I was 1 （terrible） uncomfortable when feeling the smell of a skunk（臭鼬） through the open windows of my car. Yesterday，I 2 （run） over an already dead cat who didn’t quite make it across the road. However，I also happily watched the bare（光秃秃的） trees fill up with light green 3 （leaf） as Spring arrived. I observed the roadsides grow golden with a million beautiful flowers as the Earth 4 （it） seemed to come back to life again.
Life is full of interesting travels that can be both 5
（difficulty） and enjoyable. Life is certainly full of pains and troubles. However， it is also filled 6 giving， growth， learning and love. Perhaps the secret of happiness is to enjoy the travel and do your best 7 （make） the travel more interesting and meaningful. You can give 8 loving lift to others along the way. Also you can share 9 （move）stories with others. Remember that our travels will lead us to a place 10 the light is always on and loving arms wait for us，no matter how hard our life journey is now.
（二十三）
My life in the middle school is busy but 1 （interest）. During the three years of school life，it offers me 2
wide range of knowledge and activities which I enjoy very much.
In the first place，so far I 3 （acquire） knowledge greatly. I am not afraid of being 4 （heavy） burdened with plenty of classes，homework and exams. By 5 （study） hard，I can obtain a great deal of knowledge as well as improve my all-round abilities. 6 addition，there are many activities，like speech contests， 7 （society）gatherings and parties，which provide many 8 （opportunity） for me to make a lot of friends.
It is in the school 9 we mature. With the help of our teachers we prepare 10 （we） for the future careers that we are going to take both physically and spiritually. So life in the middle school is extremely worthwhile
（二十四）
Sometimes angels come in make-up without wings. As a matter of fact，there’re more kind-hearted people around us than we realize. From time to time I can’t help recalling an unforgettable experience that I once had. Some years ago， 1 （have）a better understanding of the Hakka（客家的） culture，I drove to Mei Zhou City on my own. I 2 （pay） visits to a number of scenic spots，totally absorbed in the charming scenery and 3 （great） impressed by the local culture. Finally I drove to a mountainous area. 4 （fascinate） by the fantastic landscape，I couldn’t resist enjoying it to my heart’s content. I was admiring the views 5 it started to rain cats and dogs. Just as I tried to look for shelter everywhere，a man，seemingly a local villager，approached me 6 an umbrella in his hand. He warmly invited me to his house and I accepted his invitation willingly. On our 7 （arrive），the whole family were busy 8 （prepare） supper for me. Tired and hungry，I’d never had so good a meal 9 this before. Additionally，they were so hospitable（好客的） as to put me up for the night. How 10 （consider） they are！ Never shall I forget their kindness and consideration. （二十五）
Mike was dying to apply for a new job，but he was unconfident of himself，for he thought of himself as a 1 （fail） and unworthy of success. He held a negative attitude towards himself，believing that the other applicants were better and more
2 （qualify） than him.
Mike’s mind was occupied with negative thoughts and fears concerning the job. When the day for the interview 3 （come），he got up late and went to the interview 4 （hurry），in dirty clothes and with messy hair. He was unsure of getting the job.
5 so happened that Jim was competing for the job too，but he approached the matter 6 a completely different way. Before the interview，he 7 （make） full preparations for everything needed. He dressed himself decently（得体地） and behaved properly in the interview， 8 （leave） a favorable impression on the interviewer. Expectedly，Jim was informed that he got the job eventually.
Remember：Sometimes your appearance is like a mirror，
9 reflects your quality in a way. Also，your state of mind counts. People with positive attitude are more likely 10 （succeed） than those with negative attitude.
（以上第十六至第二十五篇由杨华新老师原创
（二十六）
Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island. We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise （天堂） where the sun always shines. The other side of the picture is quite the opposite. Life on a desert island is unhappy. You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe，
1 （wait） for a boat which never comes. Perhaps there is an element of 2 （true） in both these pictures， but few of us have had the opportunity to find out.
Two men 3 recently spent five days on a coral island wished they 4 （stay） there longer. They were taking a damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to have it 5 （repaire）. During the journey， their boat began
6 （sink）. They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy and rowed 7 a few miles until they arrived at a tiny coral island. There was no water or trees， 8 this did not prove to be a problem. The men 9 （collect） rainwater in the rubber dinghy（小游艇）. By means of a spear gun， they got plenty to eat. They caught lobster（龙虾） and fish every day and ate like kings. When a passing tanker rescued them five days later，
10 of them were really sorry they had to leave.
（二十七）
Pumas（美洲狮） are large， cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo 1 a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London， they were not taken 2 （serious）. However， as the evidence began to accumulate， experts felt obliged to investigate， for the descriptions given by people 3 claimed（声称） to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.
（一）
If I have a learning strategy（策略），I would say it is imitation（模仿）. I like watching Disney cartoons. They are so interesting 1 I watch them again and again. I don’t remember when I began to imitate the 2 （dialogue），but I do remember that one day my English teacher said that my pronunciation and intonation（语调） 3 （be） quite good. I think by imitation，I get not only beautiful pronunciation and intonation，but also 4 kind of “feeling” for English.
My another strategy is 5 （guess） the meaning of words in the context（语境），and I got that quite occasionally. Once I 6 （read） an English story when I came across a new word. But I was so involved in the story that I didn’t want to stop 7 （check） its meaning. So I looked around the word and guessed its 8 （it） meaning. Later，when I looked it
9 ，I found that I was right！ Since then，I began to practice this strategy. By doing this，my guessing 10
（able） improves and moreover，my reading speed increases！
（二）
Nowadays，many Shanghai white-collar 1 （work） have received native English speaking international students as their host families，in order to learn English from them.
It’s usually free for foreign students 2 （stay） in a host family in Shanghai，but he/she must undertake the 3
（responsible） of teaching English to one certain members of the family. Miss Li has always worried 4 her limited English. “I never knew what to say to an English-speaking person，”said she. She has taken many English courses，but none has proved to be useful. Last year，she saw an advertisement recruiting （征募）host families for foreign students，and that 5 （be） how Emma（from Chicago）came to her home. She stays in Li’s apartment for free，but has to teach Li oral English for one hour every day.“She could hardly speak Chinese at the beginning，and we had to guess 6 each other meant through gestures，”said Li.
Two months 7 （late），they could talk to each other without gesturing. Now，Li can communicate with any English-speaking person 8 （free）. About 100 Shanghai families
9 （receive） foreign boarding students（寄宿学生），and the figure is rising. However，foreign boarding students can only help improve oral English， 10 not examination skills.
（三）
Escaping from a fire is a serious matter. 1 （know） what to do during a fire can save a life. It’s important to know the ways you can use and show them to your family，for example，you can use stairways，roofs and fire escapes， 2 no lifts. From the lower floors of buildings，to escape 3 windows is possible. Learn the 4 （good） way of leaving by a window with the least chance of serious 5 （injure）.
The second floor window 6 （be）usually not very high from ground. An average person，hanging from the window by the fingertips will have a drop of about six 7 （foot）to the ground - about the height of an average man. Of course，it’s safer 8 （jump） a short way than to stay in a burning building.
Windows are also 9 （use） while you’re awaiting help. Be sure to keep the door closed，before opening the window. Otherwise，smoke and fire may be drawn into the room. Keep your head low next to the window so that you get fresh air.
On the second or third floor，the best windows to escape from are those 10 open onto a roof. From the roof a person can drop to the ground more safely.
（四）
As we all know that China is situated in one of the most active earthquake regions in the world and there have been many terrible earthquakes， of 1 the most serious occurred in Hua County in Shanxi Province 2 1556. The earthquake affected eight provinces in Central China. It covered 3 area of 800 square kilometers. In some communities，60 percent of the population 4 （kill）. In all，830，000 people lost their 5 （life）. The California Earthquake of the 18th of April 1906 is the 6 （bad） earthquake that has ever happened in the United States. It took place at 5：15 a.m.，and lasted for only a minute. However，it caused the worst 7 （nature） disaster in the nation’s history. Fires 8 （cause） by the quake burned for three days，destroying a total of 25，000 buildings. Approximately 500 people were killed in the city of San Francisco and 250，000 were made 9 （home）. In the whole of California，the earthquake and fires caused about 3，000
10 （die）.
（五）
Plants are very important living things. Life could not go on if there 1 （be）no plants. This is because plants can make food from air，water and sunlight. Animals and men cannot make food from air，water and sunlight. Animals get their food by
2 （eat）plants and animals too. Therefore，animals and men need plants in order to live. This is the reason 3 we find that there are so many plants around us.
If you look 4 （care）at the plants around，you
5 （find） that there are many kinds of plants. Some plants are large 6 others are small. Most plants are green.
Some plants have many small 7 （leaf）. Others have only a few large leaves. There are many kinds of leaves. 8 （they） leaves are of different shapes and colors.
Leaves are also 9 （differ）in other ways. Some leaves have short leaf stalks （叶柄） while others have long leaf stalks. Still others have no stalks at all. 10 edges of leaves are also different. Some leaves have smooth edges. Some have wavy edges like the teeth of saw （锯子）.
（六）
Pollution means adding dirty or harmful things to land，air，water and so on. As a result，they are no longer 1
（please）or safe to use. Pollution is bad for animals and plants，and it even makes 2 （people） health in danger. In our daily life，we can see different kinds of pollution in many places. There are three main forms of pollution： land pollution，air pollution 3 water pollution.
Land pollution 4 （cause） by solid waste，such as cans （罐头），bottles and some plastic things 5 aren’t broken down 6 （quick）. It makes the environment look very bad. However，air pollution is more serious than land pollution. It is much 7 （bad） in cities and towns due to the waste gas from traffic and the waste from human 8 （active）. When people drive their cars，waste gas which consists of CO2，NO2 and SO2 are given 9 . After the gases get into the air，they may mix with clouds. Then they will become some harmful chemicals 10 （fall）on the ground with rain. It’s one of the reasons for soil erosion（侵蚀）which is one example of water pollution.
（七）
Robots do many different jobs. Usually these jobs are too dangerous，difficult or 1 （bore） for humans. They also help disabled people and people 2 cannot look after themselves. For example，scientists are making a robot 3
（help）blind people. Now many of them have a guide dog to help them. In the future，guide dogs might be robot dogs.
One robot dog is called Meldog. It has wheels. It usually “walks” in front of its owner. It’s clever and knows the speed of
4 （it） owner’s walk. Meldog talks to its owner 5
radio. The owner wears a special belt. This belt sends 6 （instruct） to the owner from Meldog such as “Stop here”，“Turn left” and “Turn right”.
7 type of robot helps disabled workers. This robot，
8 （call） Kilroy，helps disabled computer operators. The robot hears the sound of its owner’s voice. It follows instructions such as “Turn the page” and “Make a cup of coffee”.
Robots 9 （use） in American hospitals too. They can do simple jobs. For example，they shave patients，brush their teeth and take meals to 10 （patient） rooms. It never gets lost because this robot has a map of the hospital in its computer memory. （八）
Smart phones have become quite popular across the world with their outstanding functions. People can use the phones 1
（surf）the Internet，update their personal microblog，and upload（上传） their latest pictures anywhere at any time. It seems that smart phones have already become a necessity in 2 （people） daily lives. However，some people are addicted to smart phones， 3 brings side-effects to their normal life.
Some people，especially teenagers， 4 （easy） fall for smart phones. Nowadays，people are under great pressure，and the phone provides a platform for people to relax themselves. By playing mini-games，chatting 5 friends，watching movies and listening to music，people can easily forget 6
（they） existing problems. Besides，there is always something new on the phone. It can be interesting，mysterious and various.
7 people are eager to turn on their phones to see what
8 （happen） around them. When people spend too much time on the phones，they don’t have enough chance to communicate with their friends or 9 （parent）.
People should take the smart phone addiction seriously. Quitting the addiction needs time and 10 （patient）. People should turn off their phones，go outside and communicate with others face to face. Do more exercise and form a positive attitude towards life.
（九）
Much has been said and written about heroes now，but what makes a hero？
Olympic winner Jackie Joyner-Kersee tells young people to work hard. She hopes that if someone tries to copy her，it’ll be because she has got success by working hard. She says a hero should affect another 1 （person） life.
Poet Maya Angelou believes a hero encourages people 2
（treat） others well. A hero should show 3 （polite），courage，patience，and strength all the time. A hero should encourage others to follow 4 （he） with actions，even if only 5 small ways.
Author Boorstin suggests that，“Celebrities（名人）are people 6 appear on newspapers，but heroes are people who make history.” If a person is 7 （true） a hero，he won’t be soon forgotten.
We all need heroes. We need to be able to respect people around us. Most often，the greatest heroes are the people we see every day — our relatives，friends and neighbors — who will never give up when 8 （face） difficulty. The parent who
9 （support） our family，the teacher who will make more money at another job but chooses to help students — all these people can be considered as heroes. A hero sets 10 good example，an example that encourages others to follow. （十）
“Chinese style road crossing” 1 （be） a hot topic in China. Many cities have started to punish these jaywalkers（乱穿马路的人）.
“Chinese style road crossing”means that you cross roads with lots of people and you don’t care 2 traffic lights at all.
Beijing government announced that people 3 don’t wait for the green light to cross the road 4 （receive） a fine of 10 yuan. Furthermore， 5 （use） the diagonal （对角线） to cross the road is also against the rules. Walkers should walk in an “L” shape. Besides Beijing，many places have also taken steps 6 （stop）“Chinese style road crossing”. Provinces such as Sichuan，Shanxi and Zhejiang have already started to fine jaywalkers 5 to 50 yuan since last year. This 7 （punish） can call on people to realize the importance of traffic safety. However，many people complain that the red lights last too long. “Everyone should follow the rules，or the country will lose 8 （it） order，” said People’s Daily.
Some cities have also paid attention to the problem. For example，Beijing government said it should not only punish these jaywalkers， 9 improve road safety facilities（设施），such as 10 （proper） fixing traffic lights and building overpasses （天桥）. Anyhow safety must come first.
（十一）
According to one story，the idea for making the first teddy bear came from a newspaper cartoon drawn in 1904. This cartoon showed President Teddy Roosevelt on a hunting trip refusing
1 （shoot） a young bear. The young bear became 2
symbol for Teddy Roosevelt.
Morris Michtom owned a small candy and toy store in New York City. He and his wife made many of the toys they sold. When he saw the cartoon，he 3 （sudden） had a wonderful idea. He decided to make a toy bear with eyes and legs and arms 4 moved. The bear was put in the store window next to a copy of the cartoon. Mr. Michtom called 5 “Teddy’s Bear”.
Many of these bears 6 （sell）. The bears became so popular that Mr. Michtom thought he might need President Roosevelt’s 7 （permit） to use his name. He wrote 8
the president and sent him a “Teddy Bear”. The president answered， 9 （say） that Mr. Michtom could use his name.
Mr. Michtom borrowed money so that he could make thousands of toy bears. His company became the Ideal Toy Corporation. Today this is one of the biggest toy 10 （company） in the United States.
（十二）
Antarctica，the coldest place on Earth，is the fifth largest continent in the world. The conditions there 1 （be） quite extreme with nearly no rainfall. 98% of the surface 2 （cover） permanently with ice. Strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline. However，it is full 3 wildlife like the famous penguins（企鹅）， 4 has adapted to its extreme conditions. The ice there has become a window on the past with gases and minerals 5 （trap） in it. It was not until 1895 6 the Norwegian explorer Carstens Borchgrevink set foot on the Antarctic mainland. In 1961，twelve countries signed a treaty（条约）to make it the world’s 7
（big）nature reserve.
Antarctica is the only continent that has never had a native population of humans because it has always been such an extreme environment. The inaccessibility（难接近） of the place and the lack of 8 （rely） food and means for constructing shelter has kept humans away for thousands of 9 （year）. But the new technologies developed over the last 200 years made it possible for people 10 （reach） these icy shores to explore and study the Antarctic for the first time in human history.
（十三）
Nowadays，soccer or football is the most popular sport. This is because many countries have wonderful teams for the World Cup. The World Cup 1 （hold） every four years.
2 （remember） 2002 FIFA World Cup，children from different countries and 3 （many） than 60 children from Japanese schools came together and spent three weekends drawing a big picture 4 （call）“Dream World Cups”in Japan. The children drew animals，flowers and people playing soccer 5 a blue bright sky. They wished each football team good luck by drawing the flags of all the countries 6
would take part in the World Cup in Japan and South Korea.
7 picture was put up in a park near a playground in Yokohama. Some football teams would have games there.
Are you a football fan？ The World Cup makes more and more people 8 （interest） in football. Teenagers like playing and 9 （watch） football. Many of them love some football stars so much that they get the pictures of their favorite players on the walls of their rooms. That is the way to show their love for the World Cup as 10 （child） in Japan.
（十四）
The Oxford English Dictionary （OED） is thinking of adding the Chinese word tuhao to 1 （it）2016 edition（版本）.
The word 2 （become） popular in China during the past few months to describe newly rich people who spend money
3 wasteful ways. Tuhao has caught on in Western countries，too，to describe similar people in their countries.
The 4 （adopt） of the word by foreign countries is an example of China’s spreading influence in the world not only economically（经济上）， 5 also socially and culturally. People are paying attention to 6 is happening in China and are picking up some Chinese words in the process， 7 （especial） those words that express unique Chinese ideas that cannot be easily translated into English.
The news that the OED was adding these words has met with some criticism（批评）. Some people say the words embarrass China，but others insist that in a globalized society it is 8 （nature） for words to spread and be adopted elsewhere. In fact，a word like tuhao expresses the humor of China. It is easy 9 （pronounce） and very accurate at making fun of rich people who have 10 （much） money than taste（修养，品味）.
（十五）
In the 19th century，women writers were opposed. But that did not prevent the women writers 1 composing （创作） good works. This period produced five of the most courageous and
2 （gift） authoresses. Those 3 got around this ban were： Jane Austen，the three Bronte sisters，and the writer
4 （know） as George Eliot.
Jane Austen is the writer of Pride and Prejudice. Charlotte Bronte wrote the famous novel Jane Eyre. 5 writer of Silas Marner is Mary Ann Evans，who 6 （force） to publish her works under the name of George Eliot.
n the 19th century，there 7 （be） also some famous male writers，for example，Charles Dickens，who wrote a lot of famous works. Although his output was 8 （great）than any of the authoresses mentioned above，his impact（影响）was not greater than 9 （they）.
Meanwhile in 1869 John Stuart Mill published his book The Subjection of Women，which demanded equal rights for women. Also in 1869 women in Britain were allowed 10 （vote） in local elections.
（十六）
As one of the greatest kings in the history of India，Emperor Akbar is the third generation of the emperor of Mughal Empire.
One day Emperor Akbar and his minister Birbal were taking a walk in the palace gardens. It 1 （be） a nice summer morning and there were a great many of crows （乌鸦） 2 （happy）playing around the pond. While watching the crows，
3 question，all of a sudden，came into Akbar’s head. He wondered 4 many crows were there in his kingdom.
Since Birbal was accompanying him，he asked Birbal this question. After a moment’s 5 （think），Birbal replied with great confidence，“There are ninety-five thousand four hundred and sixty-three crows in the Kingdom”.
Greatly 6 （amaze） by his quick response（池塘），Akbar tried to test him one more time，“What if there are 7
（many）crows than you answered？” Without hesitation Birbal replied，“If there are more crows than my answer，then some crows 8 （visit）from other neighboring kingdoms”. “And what if there are less crows”，Akbar asked. “Then some crows from our kingdom have gone 9 holidays to other 10 （place）”.
（以上十六篇为许炳杰老师原创）
（十七）
As a Senior Three student，I devote myself to my study all day long and make good 1 （prepare） for the coming exams，ignoring many other things. Personally speaking，time permitting，I would like 2 （spend） some spare time staying with my family， 3 are extremely concerned about how I’m getting along with my study. Besides，they always remind me of the importance of study. As a consequence，I am 4
great pressure and sometimes cannot stand 5 （they） complaint. In order to be admitted to a key university and live
6 comfortable life in the future，I am determined to get over my laziness and go all out for my dream. Unless I insist on
7 （struggle），I am unlikely to succeed eventually.
8 （fortunate），with the help of my teachers and under the guidance of my parents，up to now I 9 （make） great progress and I am convinced that realizing my ideal 10 （be）not a distant dream.
（十八）
One evening Mr. Green went to the cinema on 1 （he）own. After seeing the movie，he made his way home 2
（immediate）. Walking in the darkness，he was a bit 3 （frighten） because there was hardly anyone in sight. All of
4 sudden，he noticed a man passing by him in a hurry. When Mr. Green looked down，he found his mobile phone in the pocket 5 （miss）. An idea struck him that it was the very man who had just stolen his mobile phone. 6 （get）it back，Mr. Green quickened his pace and it was not long 7
he caught up with him. At that time，the man 8 （make） a call with a phone which looked exactly like Mr. Green’s. Without hesitation Mr. Green snatched（抢夺） it and dashed home like crazy. Upon getting home，astonished，he found his mobile phone lying 9 the desk. Not until then did he realize it was he rather than the man who was a real 10 （rob）.
（十九）
Da Vinci was 1 great artist，engineer and natural scientist. In primary school，he 2 （be） a top student in his class，doing well in all his subjects. It seemed that he was
3 （particular） interested in drawing in his spare time. For this reason，his father decided 4 （send） him to learn drawing. Da Vinci’s teacher was extremely strict 5
him，and required him to draw eggs for a couple of days. In the beginning，Da Vinci showed great interest 6 it was not long before he got bored. So 7 （patient） was he that he felt like quitting it. Later his teacher persuaded him to carry on with it，saying that no eggs in the world looked exactly the same. Greatly 8 （inspire） by the teacher，Da Vinci devoted all 9 （he） to drawing with great patience. Year by year he drew eggs even better than his teacher. Today，Da Vinci is still remembered as one of the most remarkable 10 （art） in history throughout the world.
（二十）
“There is no end to learning”is a proverb which means knowledge is like an 1 （end） ocean and we can never make knowledge part of ourselves without hard work. We will never realize our personal value unless we keep 2 （learn）.
We learn not only in class 3 outside the campus. Learning is a process 4 which man adapts to his surroundings. We learn from both books and 5 （we） experience. “To learn is to be young. Not to learn is to die.” This saying applies to all ages.
Knowledge will not 6 （acquire） without pains and hard work. Only when we focus our time and energy on our studies can we accomplish our goals. Success is never final and 7
（fail）never fatal.
When I 8 （enter） middle school，I know it is only the first step on the road leading to the sea of knowledge. I am eager 9 （obtain） new skills and information，which helps me to adapt to 10 fast-changing world. The more I learn，the more I feel the necessity to learn.
（二十一）
I’m a bird lover and have always had a strong desire 1
（watch） birds flying. For me，animals are lovely creatures all the time. Unfortunately，even these lovely birds at times cannot survive 2 terrible weather of life. I remember clearly one day I witnessed a baby bird that looked helpless 3 she got weaker and weaker. She wanted to open her tiny mouth， 4
（possible） trying to call out for help. However，her parents were in a nearby nest taking care of other healthy baby birds and seemingly 5 （forget） her. I admit I am not expert on birds； I cannot say whether or not it is normal practice for the parents to leave 6 （they） struggling baby. Maybe the parents of the 7 （die）baby bird didn’t hear their baby’s
8 （silence） cries，or they heard but didn’t want to offer a helping hand. 9 heartless persons the parents are！ When seeing the sick baby bird died finally，I burst into tears！ If I 10 （be） a mother，I would love my dear children heart and soul.
（二十二）
The rough roads here in the mountains of my home can make for some very interesting travels at times. Several weeks ago，I was 1 （terrible） uncomfortable when feeling the smell of a skunk（臭鼬） through the open windows of my car. Yesterday，I 2 （run） over an already dead cat who didn’t quite make it across the road. However，I also happily watched the bare（光秃秃的） trees fill up with light green 3 （leaf） as Spring arrived. I observed the roadsides grow golden with a million beautiful flowers as the Earth 4 （it） seemed to come back to life again.
Life is full of interesting travels that can be both 5
（difficulty） and enjoyable. Life is certainly full of pains and troubles. However， it is also filled 6 giving， growth， learning and love. Perhaps the secret of happiness is to enjoy the travel and do your best 7 （make） the travel more interesting and meaningful. You can give 8 loving lift to others along the way. Also you can share 9 （move）stories with others. Remember that our travels will lead us to a place 10 the light is always on and loving arms wait for us，no matter how hard our life journey is now.
（二十三）
My life in the middle school is busy but 1 （interest）. During the three years of school life，it offers me 2
wide range of knowledge and activities which I enjoy very much.
In the first place，so far I 3 （acquire） knowledge greatly. I am not afraid of being 4 （heavy） burdened with plenty of classes，homework and exams. By 5 （study） hard，I can obtain a great deal of knowledge as well as improve my all-round abilities. 6 addition，there are many activities，like speech contests， 7 （society）gatherings and parties，which provide many 8 （opportunity） for me to make a lot of friends.
It is in the school 9 we mature. With the help of our teachers we prepare 10 （we） for the future careers that we are going to take both physically and spiritually. So life in the middle school is extremely worthwhile
（二十四）
Sometimes angels come in make-up without wings. As a matter of fact，there’re more kind-hearted people around us than we realize. From time to time I can’t help recalling an unforgettable experience that I once had. Some years ago， 1 （have）a better understanding of the Hakka（客家的） culture，I drove to Mei Zhou City on my own. I 2 （pay） visits to a number of scenic spots，totally absorbed in the charming scenery and 3 （great） impressed by the local culture. Finally I drove to a mountainous area. 4 （fascinate） by the fantastic landscape，I couldn’t resist enjoying it to my heart’s content. I was admiring the views 5 it started to rain cats and dogs. Just as I tried to look for shelter everywhere，a man，seemingly a local villager，approached me 6 an umbrella in his hand. He warmly invited me to his house and I accepted his invitation willingly. On our 7 （arrive），the whole family were busy 8 （prepare） supper for me. Tired and hungry，I’d never had so good a meal 9 this before. Additionally，they were so hospitable（好客的） as to put me up for the night. How 10 （consider） they are！ Never shall I forget their kindness and consideration. （二十五）
Mike was dying to apply for a new job，but he was unconfident of himself，for he thought of himself as a 1 （fail） and unworthy of success. He held a negative attitude towards himself，believing that the other applicants were better and more
2 （qualify） than him.
Mike’s mind was occupied with negative thoughts and fears concerning the job. When the day for the interview 3 （come），he got up late and went to the interview 4 （hurry），in dirty clothes and with messy hair. He was unsure of getting the job.
5 so happened that Jim was competing for the job too，but he approached the matter 6 a completely different way. Before the interview，he 7 （make） full preparations for everything needed. He dressed himself decently（得体地） and behaved properly in the interview， 8 （leave） a favorable impression on the interviewer. Expectedly，Jim was informed that he got the job eventually.
Remember：Sometimes your appearance is like a mirror，
9 reflects your quality in a way. Also，your state of mind counts. People with positive attitude are more likely 10 （succeed） than those with negative attitude.
（以上第十六至第二十五篇由杨华新老师原创
（二十六）
Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island. We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise （天堂） where the sun always shines. The other side of the picture is quite the opposite. Life on a desert island is unhappy. You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe，
1 （wait） for a boat which never comes. Perhaps there is an element of 2 （true） in both these pictures， but few of us have had the opportunity to find out.
Two men 3 recently spent five days on a coral island wished they 4 （stay） there longer. They were taking a damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to have it 5 （repaire）. During the journey， their boat began
6 （sink）. They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy and rowed 7 a few miles until they arrived at a tiny coral island. There was no water or trees， 8 this did not prove to be a problem. The men 9 （collect） rainwater in the rubber dinghy（小游艇）. By means of a spear gun， they got plenty to eat. They caught lobster（龙虾） and fish every day and ate like kings. When a passing tanker rescued them five days later，
10 of them were really sorry they had to leave.
（二十七）
Pumas（美洲狮） are large， cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo 1 a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London， they were not taken 2 （serious）. However， as the evidence began to accumulate， experts felt obliged to investigate， for the descriptions given by people 3 claimed（声称） to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.