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目的了解寄宿制中学生的膳食结构及存在的问题,为学校膳食健康教育提供依据。方法对豫北某寄宿制中学1 256名住校学生进行连续3 d的膳食调查,根据《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量表(DR Is)》和《中国居民膳食指南及平衡膳食宝塔》(2007)作出评价。结果学生营养摄入情况不理想,男生每人每日能量摄入量为(8 029.3±3 095.2)kJ,女生为(7 156.6±2 986.5)kJ;三餐的能量构成比为2∶4∶2,早餐摄入量较低,零食占据比例较高;营养素摄入量中,维生素A和钙严重不足,蛋白质、维生素C和铁的摄入量均低于推荐摄入量;食物种类中,果蔬类、鱼虾类、奶类和大豆类摄入不足。结论中学生膳食结构不合理。应加强营养知识教育,按膳食指南和平衡膳食宝塔的要求合理安排膳食。
Objective To understand the dietary structure and existing problems of boarding middle school students, and provide the basis for school health education. Methods A total of 1 256 live-in students were enrolled in a boarding school in northern Henan for 3 consecutive days. According to “DR in Chinese diet” and “dietary guidelines for Chinese residents and balanced diet pagoda” ( 2007). Results The nutritional intake of students was unsatisfactory. The energy intake per day for boys was (8,029.3 ± 3,095.2) kJ and that for girls was (7,156.6 ± 2,986.5) kJ. The energy composition ratio of three meals was 2: 4: 2, lower intake of breakfast, snacks occupy a higher proportion; nutrient intake, vitamin A and calcium a serious shortage of protein, vitamin C and iron intake were lower than the recommended intake; food categories, Inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables, fish and shrimp, milk and soybeans. Conclusion The dietary structure of middle school students is not reasonable. Nutrition knowledge education should be strengthened, according to dietary guidelines and balanced meal pagoda requirements reasonable arrangements for meals.