为实现对飞行器结构高精度、高分辨率的健康监测,开展了对光频域反射光纤分布式传感技术的研究。介绍了瑞利散射光谱互相关分布式传感的原理,分析了传统互相关法中传感单元长度对光谱分辨率的限制因素,提出利用傅里叶插值法提高光谱分辨率的方法,并进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,采用所提方法可在长度为14.2m的单模光纤上实现传感单元长度为1cm、光谱分辨率为1.6pm的连续分布式传感。所提方法在高精度、高分辨率的短、中程健康监测领域具有广阔的应用前景。 In order to realize the high-precision and high-resolution health monitoring of the aircraft structure, the research on optical frequency domain reflected optical fiber distributed sensing technology is carried out. This paper introduces the principle of distributed sensing of Rayleigh scattering spectrum cross-correlation, analyzes the limiting factor of the sensing unit length to the spectral resolution in the traditional cross-correlation method, and proposes a method of using Fourier interpolation to improve the spectral resolution. Experimental verification. The experimental results show that the proposed method can realize the continuous distributed sensing with the sensing unit length of 1cm and the spectral resolution of 1.6pm on the single-mode optical fiber with the length of 14.2m. The proposed method has broad application prospects in the field of short and medium range health monitoring with high precision and high resolution.