1　引言对虾养殖是我国海水养殖的主导产业 ,2 0世纪 90年代初全国对虾养殖面积达 1 6× 1 0 4ｈｍ2 ,最高年产量超过 2 2× 1 0 4ｔ,约占全球对虾养殖总产量的 3 0 % .但是 ,1 993年以来全国范围内的大规模暴发性对虾流行病给我国的对虾养殖业造成了严重影响 ,由此造成的直接 1 Introduction Shrimp farming is the leading industry of marine aquaculture in China. In the early 1990s, the shrimp farming area nationwide reached 16 × 10 4 hm 2, with the highest annual output exceeding 22 × 10 4 t, accounting for about 3% of the total global shrimp production 0%. However, the widespread epidemic of large-scale outbreak of prawn nationwide in China since 1993 has had a serious impact on China’s shrimp culture industry, resulting in a direct