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目的探讨过期、延期妊娠胎盘绒毛和胎盘床螺旋动脉的病变特点及其与胎儿预后的关系。方法应用图像分析技术对过期妊娠２０例（过期组）、延期妊娠１５例（延期组）和正常足月妊娠２９例（对照组），进行形态计量学观察。结果过期组的胎盘重量减轻，绒毛合体细胞结节增多，细胞滋养细胞增生，基底膜增厚，纤维素样坏死，血管合体细胞膜形成，绒毛直径、周长、面积，胎盘床螺旋动脉管壁增厚，以及羊水过少和羊水粪染的发生率均与对照组比较，差异有显著性（Ｐ均＜０．０５）；延期组仅绒毛周长和羊水过少与对照组比较，差异有显著性（Ｐ均＜０．０５）；过期组与延期组间上述参数比较，差异均无显著性；随妊娠的延期和过期，胎盘重量逐减、新生儿低评分发生率逐增。结论过期和延期妊娠的胎盘功能逐渐低下，过期妊娠更显著。妊娠４０周后应加强对胎盘、羊水及胎儿宫内状况的监护
Objective To investigate the characteristics of placenta villi and placenta helix in obsolete and extended pregnancy and its relationship with fetal prognosis. Methods 20 cases of obstructive pregnancy (expired group), 15 cases of delayed pregnancy (deferred group) and 29 cases of normal term pregnancy (control group) were studied by image analysis technique. Results In the expired group, placental weight loss, increased syncytial nodules in villi, hyperplasia of cytotrophoblast cells, thickening of basement membrane, fibrinoid necrosis, formation of vascular conjunctival cell membrane, villus diameter, perimeter, area, Thick, and oligohydramnios, and the incidence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P <0.05). There was a significant difference in the villi circumference and oligohydramnios between the two groups (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the above parameters between the expired group and the deferred group. With the extension and expiration of pregnancy, the weight of the placenta decreased and the incidence of neonatal low score increased gradually. Conclusions The function of placenta in obsolete and postprandial pregnancies gradually decreases and the overdue pregnancy is more significant. 40 weeks after pregnancy should strengthen the monitoring of the placenta, amniotic fluid and intrauterine conditions