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高三学生常碰到这样的困惑：练了大量完型填空题，正确率时高时低，始终不见起色。经交流，我发现主要问题在于学生缺乏正确的解题思路和方法。
做题前，如果只粗略浏览一遍全文，或直接选答案，往往由于对文章大意理解不到位，对情节发展的预测有偏差，造成连续几个题出错。
事实上，完形填空是以前一部分词汇和语法为测试内容，以阅读理解为形式，介于两者之间的一种题型，不仅仅测试应试者词汇，尤其是考纲词汇，还考查综合运用语言的能力。首先，命题者在命制时，往往选择行文逻辑性较强，字数在250到320之间的短文。对这类文章的理解，需要有较强的分析文章结构和整体把握语篇的能力。其次，设空通常更多地在可根据上下文推断出来的实词上做文章，干扰项的设置一般考虑词性与正确项一样但词意不同的词。即：影响学生正确率的是对文章整体布局和行文逻辑的把握。
要做好这一题型，应该完成三个步骤：读、选、检查。以笔者命制的2011年重庆主城区第二次学业调研抽测试题为例：
Michael Oher lived alone with his father, and the two of them had a very special relationship. The father believed in encouragement.
Though Michael was the1of the class when he entered high school, his 2 continued to encourage him but also made it very clear that he did not have to play 3if he didnt want to.
However, Michael loved football and was 4 to try his best at every practice. All through high school, he never5 a practice or a game, but remained a bench warmer（替补队员） all four years. His6father was always in the stands, with words of7 for him.
It was the end of the football season, and as Michael ran slowly onto the practice field shortly8 the big final game, the coach met him with a telegram. Michael 9the telegram and became deathly silent — his father died that morning, and the sad man left for10 immediately.
In the third quarter, when the team was ten points 11 , a silent young man eagerly 12onto the sidelines. The coach and his players were shocked to see their teammate back so 13 .
“Coach, please let me 14 . I have to play today,” said Michael. Feeling sorry for him, the coach 15 . Before long, nobody could believe their eyes. This small bench warmer played like a（n） 16 . He helped his team win finally.
When the team was cheering for their 17 , Michael was sitting in the corner all alone. The coach came to him and said, “You were fantastic! Tell me18 you did it?”
Tears in eyes, Michael said, “Well, you knew my dad died, but did you know he was blind?” He 19a smile, “Dad came to all my games, but today was the first time he could 20 me play, and I wanted to show him I could do it!”
1. A. strongestB. smallest
C. biggestD. youngest
2. A. coachB. players
C. classmatesD. father
3. A. footballB. games
C. practicesD. basketball
4. A. requiredB. determined
C. forcedD. reminded
5. A. failedB. lost
C. missedD. won
6. A. sympatheticB. upset
C. faithfulD. optimistic
7. A. encouragementB. judgment
C. wisdomD. amusement
8. A. afterB. since
C. towardsD. before
9. A. went throughB. turned over
C. got overD. tore up
10. A. schoolB. home
C. fieldD. class
11. A. aheadB. beside
C. behindD. away
12. A. walkedB. ran
C. steppedD. slipped
13. A. quietlyB. sadly
C. punctuallyD. soon
14. A. goB. fight
C. practiceD. play
15. A. leftB. refused
C. agreedD. cried
16. A. starB. son
C. amateurD. trainer
17. A. victoryB. award
C. memorialD. unity
18. A. whyB. when
C. whereD. how
19. A. spreadB. skipped
C. forcedD. returned
20. A. hearB. see
C. feelD. make
Keys:1—5 BDABC 6—10 CADAB
11—15 CBDDC 16—20 AADCB
解析：文章讲述了一个盲人父亲鼓励缺乏天赋的儿子从事橄榄球运动的故事。首先，我们可以把《考试大纲》对完形填空的建议作答时间18分钟分成十份，其中五份，即9分钟用于第一步：读。读懂大意，了解结构，分析细节之间联系。也只有做好了这一步，文中相当数量涉及主旨和上下文照应的题目才能被破解。在 “读”得比较扎实的情况下，第二步“选”只需总时间量的三成，约6分钟。
如，第一题答案应为 B。因为本文一再强调父亲对孩子的鼓励，说明儿子在橄榄球运动方面并无天分，而且第六段第三行中的 “The small bench warmer…” 也是一个提示。没有做好第一步“读”的话，很难选到smallest。第四题答案 “encouraged”也是照应第一段的主旨大意：父亲的鼓励。较难的第六题四个选项都是形容词，其中 D 项有很强的干扰。而答案 “faithful” 考查学生词汇能力，更需要对文章主题深度理解：父亲本身是残疾，但对生活从未失去信心，对小个儿的儿子更是坚信天道酬勤。
另外，部分题目主要是上下文细节的照应，这也需要对文章总体把握。如，第九题干扰项 “tore up” 的排除，就是根据下文中Michael收到信后表现出的悲伤而非愤怒情绪。第十二题选择 “ran” 一词，是因为上文中的 “eagerly”, 心情的迫切使得 Michael 跑起来了。第十六题 “star” 也可从下文 “He helped his team win finally.” 看出端倪。
还有一些题目则要对全文有较为深入的理解。例如第二十题，只有当你明白盲人父亲的鼓励对于儿子的重要性，才能了解儿子想让天堂里的父亲“看见”他打比赛的心情。
最后，把剩余两成时间用来检查。一般而言，对一个语篇读的次数越多，对作者意图理解就越深。加之选完答案之后，人往往有如释重负的轻松感觉，检查时会产生旁观者的轻松心态，更容易看到完成前两个步骤时所没看到的问题。
作者简介：邹凌云，高级教师，重庆市第八中学高三备课组长，曾多次参与全国统一高考（重庆卷）等大型考试命题工作。
责任编辑 任占华
天秤座 (Libra) 黄道星座之一，位于处女座与天蝎座之间，这个星座有十几颗使用8英寸（20厘米）或更大望远镜可见的星系，星座中最亮的四颗星α、β、γ、σ构成一个四边形，β星又和春季大三角构成一个大菱形，天秤座β星的中名是“氐宿四”，它是全天惟一一颗肉眼可以看见为绿色的星。天秤座α星“氐宿一”，是一颗双星，由亮度52的α1与亮度28的α2所构成，呈蓝白色。
做题前，如果只粗略浏览一遍全文，或直接选答案，往往由于对文章大意理解不到位，对情节发展的预测有偏差，造成连续几个题出错。
事实上，完形填空是以前一部分词汇和语法为测试内容，以阅读理解为形式，介于两者之间的一种题型，不仅仅测试应试者词汇，尤其是考纲词汇，还考查综合运用语言的能力。首先，命题者在命制时，往往选择行文逻辑性较强，字数在250到320之间的短文。对这类文章的理解，需要有较强的分析文章结构和整体把握语篇的能力。其次，设空通常更多地在可根据上下文推断出来的实词上做文章，干扰项的设置一般考虑词性与正确项一样但词意不同的词。即：影响学生正确率的是对文章整体布局和行文逻辑的把握。
要做好这一题型，应该完成三个步骤：读、选、检查。以笔者命制的2011年重庆主城区第二次学业调研抽测试题为例：
Michael Oher lived alone with his father, and the two of them had a very special relationship. The father believed in encouragement.
Though Michael was the1of the class when he entered high school, his 2 continued to encourage him but also made it very clear that he did not have to play 3if he didnt want to.
However, Michael loved football and was 4 to try his best at every practice. All through high school, he never5 a practice or a game, but remained a bench warmer（替补队员） all four years. His6father was always in the stands, with words of7 for him.
It was the end of the football season, and as Michael ran slowly onto the practice field shortly8 the big final game, the coach met him with a telegram. Michael 9the telegram and became deathly silent — his father died that morning, and the sad man left for10 immediately.
In the third quarter, when the team was ten points 11 , a silent young man eagerly 12onto the sidelines. The coach and his players were shocked to see their teammate back so 13 .
“Coach, please let me 14 . I have to play today,” said Michael. Feeling sorry for him, the coach 15 . Before long, nobody could believe their eyes. This small bench warmer played like a（n） 16 . He helped his team win finally.
When the team was cheering for their 17 , Michael was sitting in the corner all alone. The coach came to him and said, “You were fantastic! Tell me18 you did it?”
Tears in eyes, Michael said, “Well, you knew my dad died, but did you know he was blind?” He 19a smile, “Dad came to all my games, but today was the first time he could 20 me play, and I wanted to show him I could do it!”
1. A. strongestB. smallest
C. biggestD. youngest
2. A. coachB. players
C. classmatesD. father
3. A. footballB. games
C. practicesD. basketball
4. A. requiredB. determined
C. forcedD. reminded
5. A. failedB. lost
C. missedD. won
6. A. sympatheticB. upset
C. faithfulD. optimistic
7. A. encouragementB. judgment
C. wisdomD. amusement
8. A. afterB. since
C. towardsD. before
9. A. went throughB. turned over
C. got overD. tore up
10. A. schoolB. home
C. fieldD. class
11. A. aheadB. beside
C. behindD. away
12. A. walkedB. ran
C. steppedD. slipped
13. A. quietlyB. sadly
C. punctuallyD. soon
14. A. goB. fight
C. practiceD. play
15. A. leftB. refused
C. agreedD. cried
16. A. starB. son
C. amateurD. trainer
17. A. victoryB. award
C. memorialD. unity
18. A. whyB. when
C. whereD. how
19. A. spreadB. skipped
C. forcedD. returned
20. A. hearB. see
C. feelD. make
Keys:1—5 BDABC 6—10 CADAB
11—15 CBDDC 16—20 AADCB
解析：文章讲述了一个盲人父亲鼓励缺乏天赋的儿子从事橄榄球运动的故事。首先，我们可以把《考试大纲》对完形填空的建议作答时间18分钟分成十份，其中五份，即9分钟用于第一步：读。读懂大意，了解结构，分析细节之间联系。也只有做好了这一步，文中相当数量涉及主旨和上下文照应的题目才能被破解。在 “读”得比较扎实的情况下，第二步“选”只需总时间量的三成，约6分钟。
如，第一题答案应为 B。因为本文一再强调父亲对孩子的鼓励，说明儿子在橄榄球运动方面并无天分，而且第六段第三行中的 “The small bench warmer…” 也是一个提示。没有做好第一步“读”的话，很难选到smallest。第四题答案 “encouraged”也是照应第一段的主旨大意：父亲的鼓励。较难的第六题四个选项都是形容词，其中 D 项有很强的干扰。而答案 “faithful” 考查学生词汇能力，更需要对文章主题深度理解：父亲本身是残疾，但对生活从未失去信心，对小个儿的儿子更是坚信天道酬勤。
另外，部分题目主要是上下文细节的照应，这也需要对文章总体把握。如，第九题干扰项 “tore up” 的排除，就是根据下文中Michael收到信后表现出的悲伤而非愤怒情绪。第十二题选择 “ran” 一词，是因为上文中的 “eagerly”, 心情的迫切使得 Michael 跑起来了。第十六题 “star” 也可从下文 “He helped his team win finally.” 看出端倪。
还有一些题目则要对全文有较为深入的理解。例如第二十题，只有当你明白盲人父亲的鼓励对于儿子的重要性，才能了解儿子想让天堂里的父亲“看见”他打比赛的心情。
最后，把剩余两成时间用来检查。一般而言，对一个语篇读的次数越多，对作者意图理解就越深。加之选完答案之后，人往往有如释重负的轻松感觉，检查时会产生旁观者的轻松心态，更容易看到完成前两个步骤时所没看到的问题。
作者简介：邹凌云，高级教师，重庆市第八中学高三备课组长，曾多次参与全国统一高考（重庆卷）等大型考试命题工作。
责任编辑 任占华
天秤座 (Libra) 黄道星座之一，位于处女座与天蝎座之间，这个星座有十几颗使用8英寸（20厘米）或更大望远镜可见的星系，星座中最亮的四颗星α、β、γ、σ构成一个四边形，β星又和春季大三角构成一个大菱形，天秤座β星的中名是“氐宿四”，它是全天惟一一颗肉眼可以看见为绿色的星。天秤座α星“氐宿一”，是一颗双星，由亮度52的α1与亮度28的α2所构成，呈蓝白色。