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从合理性、均衡性、效率性3个方面阐述美国铁路运价管制理念。美国铁路运价管制初期十分注重平衡运价公平合理与运输企业的合理利润,中期则更加注重协调产业的均衡发展与灵活制定运价。随着运输市场供给力量的增加,铁路运输企业收益不充足性凸显,后期更多地允许运用差别定价法以提高运输效率。美国铁路运价管制理念发展历程对我国铁路运价具有一定的借鉴意义,现阶段我国旅客运输应维持较低的统一定价标准以保持公平,而货物运输则应放松运价管制。
From the aspects of rationality, equilibrium and efficiency, this article elaborates the concept of American rail freight control. At the initial stage of the United States rail tariff regulation, we paid great attention to fair and reasonable tariffs and rational profits of transport enterprises. In the medium term, we will pay more attention to coordinating the balanced development of industries and making tariffs flexible. With the increase of the supply power in the transportation market, the inadequacy of railway transport enterprises’ earnings has been highlighted. In the latter part of the period, more and more differential pricing methods have been adopted to improve the transportation efficiency. The history of the development of the US railroad tariff regulation has some reference to China’s railway tariffs. At this stage, China’s passenger transport should be maintained at a low standard of uniform pricing in order to maintain fairness, and freight transport should be relaxed tariff regulation.