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2008年5月调查发现,在额尔齐斯河主河道(185团)的雌性银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)群体中存在2种形态类型,按照体长比体高的形态学性状区分,分别为高背型(1.78~2.14)和低背型(2.18~2.39)。形态学分析表明,高背型和低背型的侧线鳞分别为31和30,侧线上(下)鳞为分别7和6,两者在体高、头高、尾柄高、体宽、头宽等性状上存在显著差异(P<0.01),高背型比低背型具有明显的体型优势。生长特性分析表明,在相同体长或年龄的雌性群体中,高背型的平均体质量约为低背型的1.3~1.9倍,而表现出更为优越的生长性能。线粒体控制区序列分析表明,高背型和低背型群体各自独享1个单倍型(分别为EG1和ED1),为2个不同的遗传谱系类群,遗传分化仅为0.004,远低于属内种间的0.020~0.045,两者尚属群体内变异;在分子系统关系中,高背型和低背型分别与方正银鲫的2个单倍型(FZ1和FZ13)共享并聚为单系,推测额尔齐斯河银鲫源自于黑龙江(方正银鲫)。与国内其他地方群体或品种比较表明,额尔齐斯河2种类型雌性银鲫,特别是高背型具有更为突出的生长优势,可作为优良的开发养殖品种和更具潜力的鱼类育种材料。
In May 2008, two morphological types were found in the Carassius auratus gibelio population in the main stream of the Irtysh River (Group 185), which were classified according to height and height morphological traits, respectively Back (1.78 ~ 2.14) and low back (2.18 ~ 2.39). Morphological analysis showed that the lateral line scales of high and low back type were 31 and 30, respectively, and the upper and lower line scales were 7 and 6, respectively. Both of them had the highest body height, head height, caudal peduncle height, body width, And other traits (P <0.01), high back type than low back type has obvious body shape advantage. Growth characteristics analysis showed that the average body weight of high back type was about 1.3-1.9 times lower than that of low back type in female body of the same body length or age, and showed more superior growth performance. Sequence analysis of mitochondrial control region showed that there were 1 unique haplotype (EG1 and ED1) in high and low back groups, respectively, which were two different genealogical families with a genetic differentiation of 0.004, much lower than the genus Within the range of 0.020 ~ 0.045, the two species were still intraspecies variation. In the molecular phylogenetic relationship, the high and low back types were shared with two haplotypes (FZ1 and FZ13) of Founder silver crucian carp Department, presumably Irtysh River crucian carp from Heilongjiang (Founder silver crucian carp). Compared with other domestic groups or breeds in China, it shows that two types of silver crucian carp, especially high-dorsal type, of the Irtysh River have more prominent growth advantages and can be used as excellent developmental breeding species and more potential fish breeding material.