多糖按照来源可分为植物多糖、动物多糖、菌多糖等。目前已证明许多植物多糖具有广泛的生物活性。随着多糖研究的进一步发展和对动物类药材的日益重视,对动物多糖的研究也逐渐增多。 动物多糖主要有糖原、甲壳素、肝素、硫酸软骨素以及透明质酸等,在结构上由氨基己糖和糖醛酸构成重复单元的称酸性粘多糖。酸性粘多糖除上述肝素、硫酸软骨素和透明质酸外还有硫酸角质素和硫酸类肝素,在体内,酸性粘多糖常以蛋白质结合状态存在,且糖的含量高于蛋白质,所以这类物质统称为蛋白多糖。 1 药理活性 1.1 抗癌、提高免疫力 多糖抗癌的原因大多是激活了体内免疫系统,改善了机体免疫力。据报道,文蛤多糖100和200mg/kg能显著抑制小鼠S_(180)实体瘤重,显著延长EAC腹水瘤荷瘤小鼠的生存时间,并且对环磷酰胺造成的免疫功能损伤有改善作 Polysaccharides in accordance with the source can be divided into plant polysaccharides, animal polysaccharides, polysaccharides and other bacteria. At present, many plant polysaccharides have been proved to have a wide range of biological activities. With the further development of polysaccharides research and the increasing emphasis on animal medicinal materials, the research on animal polysaccharides is also gradually increasing. Animal polysaccharides are mainly glycogen, chitin, heparin, chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid, in the structure by hexosamine and uronic acid constitute a repeating unit called acidic mucopolysaccharide. Acid mucopolysaccharide in addition to the above heparin, chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid in addition to keratan sulfate and heparan sulfate, in vivo, acid mucopolysaccharides often exist in a protein-bound state, and the content of sugar is higher than the protein, so these substances Collectively referred to as proteoglycans. 1 pharmacological activity 1.1 anti-cancer, improve immunity polysaccharides most of the reasons for anti-cancer activate the body’s immune system and improve the body’s immune system. It has been reported that clams polysaccharides 100 and 200 mg / kg can significantly inhibit the tumor weight of S 180 in mice, significantly prolong the survival time of mice bearing EAC ascites tumor-bearing mice, and improve immune function damage caused by cyclophosphamide