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DNA甲基化是广泛存在的可遗传的共价修饰方式。甲基化程度的增加通过以下4种途径抑制相应基因表达:①DNA甲基化直接抑制DNA结合蛋白与相应序列的结合。②DNA甲基化通过甲基化CpG结合蛋白抑制基因表达。③DNA甲基化转移酶直接参与基因沉默过程。④DNA甲基化影响基因转录的延伸过程。DNA甲基化对卵泡刺激素受体(FSHR)基因的细胞特异性表达也有调节作用,这一作用通过直接影响蛋白-DNA结合及甲基化CpG结合蛋白抑制基因表达这两种途径实现。综述DNA甲基化抑制基因表达的途径、FSHR转录调节及DNA甲基化对FSHR表达作用。
DNA methylation is a widespread heritable covalent modification. The increase of methylation inhibits the corresponding gene expression by the following four ways: ① DNA methylation directly inhibits the binding of DNA binding protein to the corresponding sequence. ② DNA methylation inhibits gene expression through methylated CpG binding protein. ③ DNA methylation transferase directly involved in gene silencing process. ④ DNA methylation affects the process of gene transcription. DNA methylation also regulates cell-specific expression of follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) genes by directly affecting both protein-DNA binding and methylated CpG binding proteins to inhibit gene expression. The ways of DNA methylation inhibiting gene expression, FSHR transcription regulation and DNA methylation on FSHR expression were reviewed.