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目的:通过分析武昌区近7年来5岁以下儿童死亡资料,探讨5岁以下儿童死亡主要原因及变化趋势,提出干预措施,减少儿童死亡,为制定儿童生存、发展、保护战略措施提供依据。方法:按照《中国妇幼卫生监测工作手册》,对武昌区2005~2011年5岁以下死亡儿童监测资料进行回顾性分析。结果:7年来武昌区5岁以下儿童死亡率下降显著,由2005年的6.69%下降为2011年的2.86%(υ=1,χ2=8.45,P<0.01);5岁以下儿童死因顺位变化,总体而言早产或出生低体重、肺炎、出生窒息三类死因逐年下降,先天性心脏病及其他先天异常则逐年上升。结论:着重加强围产期保健及出生缺陷三级预防,同时,进一步提高新生儿医疗救治质量,预防儿童意外事故,也是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的重点。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the main causes and trends of death among children under five years of age in Wuchang district by analyzing the data on the deaths of children under five years of age in recent 7 years in Wuchang District. Propose interventions to reduce the death of children and provide the basis for making strategic measures for the survival, development and protection of children. Methods: According to the “Handbook for Monitoring MCH Surveillance in China”, retrospective analysis was conducted on the monitoring data of children under 5 years of age from 2005 to 2011 in Wuchang District. Results: The mortality rate of children under 5 years old in Wuchang District decreased significantly from 6.69% in 2005 to 2.86% in 2011 (υ = 1, χ2 = 8.45, P <0.01) Overall, the causes of premature birth or low birth weight, pneumonia and birth asphyxia decreased year by year, congenital heart disease and other congenital anomalies increased year by year. CONCLUSIONS: Emphasis is placed on strengthening tertiary prevention of perinatal health care and birth defects. At the same time, further improvement of medical care quality in neonates and prevention of child accidents are also the focuses of reducing the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age.