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美国陆军第101空中突击师前身为“第101空降师”,始建于第一次世界大战期间,1974年10月更名为空中突击师,隶属于第18空降军。名称的改变反映的是作战方式的变革,以直升机为步兵机动平台和空中突击力量的空中突击作战成为该师的主要作战方式。这一作战方式在海湾战争中体现得淋漓尽致:该师以空中突击行动,迅速突入伊拉克境内,抵达幼发拉底河,切断了科威特战区内伊军部队的交通线,歼灭沿线部署的所有敌军部队,然后挥师东进,在巴士拉以北切断伊军的退路。在100小时的地面战斗中,该师所向披靡,顺利攻占所有预定目标,被誉为“沙漠风暴中的闪电”。该师的标志为一只嚎叫的白头鹰,因此又被称为“鹰师”。该师是美国对外干涉的主力,据报道此次美国在阿富汗的军事行动也一直在考虑动用这支部队。这支部队究竟有什么特点,战斗力究竟如何呢,其弱点又在什么地方呢……
The 101st Air Assault Division of the United States Army, formerly known as the “101st Airborne Division,” was built during World War I and was renamed Air Assault Division in October 1974 under the 18th Airborne Corps. The change of name reflects the change of the combat mode. The aerial assault operation using the helicopter as the infantry mobile platform and air assault force has become the main combat mode of the division. This tactic was most vividly demonstrated in the Gulf War: The division flew into Iraq by air assault and arrived in the Euphrates, cutting off the line of transport of the Iraqi armed forces in the Kuwaiti theater and annihilating all enemy forces deployed along the route. Swipe eastward and cut off the Iraqi military retreat to the north of Basra. In 100 hours of ground combat, the division invincible, successfully captured all the predetermined goals, known as “the lightning in the desert storm.” The division’s logo is a Howl Bald Eagle, so it is also known as the “Eagles.” The division is the main force for U.S. foreign intervention. It is reported that the U.S. military operation in Afghanistan has also been considering using this force. What are the characteristics of this unit? What is the fighting capability? Where are the weaknesses?