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本文主要对新四军发展华中过程中的重要史实进行考证,同时考证了《毛泽东军事文集》中的有关文献。本文认为:当时的“华中”是指长江以北、陇海路以南的苏、皖、鄂、豫地区。新四军成立之初,毛泽东对苏浙皖交界特别是皖南的战略地位十分关注,而对“华中”重视不够。六届六中全会确定了“巩固华北,发展华中”的战略,并且成立了中原局,但由于战略判断失误,在相当长的时间内,并没有就“发展华中”采取得力措施。周恩来的皖南之行对新四军在江南的发展起到了很大的作用,但对“发展华中”影响有限。1939年11月以后,中共中央下决心解决发展华中问题,但项英、陈毅分别主张重点发展皖南及江南,在抽调新四军主力部队问题上,与中共中央存在严重分歧,毛泽东一度打算以八路军作为发展华中的主力。1940年6月,为了解救江北被围困的新四军,陈毅最终决定率领江南新四军主力渡江。中共中央“发展华中”战略最终得以彻底的贯彻、执行。
This article mainly carries on the textual research to the Important Historical Fact of the New Fourth Army in the process of developing Central China, and at the same time studies the relevant literature in “The Military Articles of Mao Zedong.” This paper argues that at the time of “Huazhong” refers to the areas of Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei and Henan to the north of the Yangtze River and south of Longhai Road. At the beginning of the establishment of the New Fourth Army, Mao Zedong was very concerned about the strategic position at the border between Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui, especially southern Anhui, and not enough on “Central China”. The Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China set forth the strategy of “consolidating North China and developing Central China” and set up the Central Plains Bureau. However, due to strategic misjudgments, for a long period of time there has been no effective measure to “develop Central China” . Zhou Enlai’s visit to southern Anhui played a significant role in the development of the New Fourth Army in the south of the Yangtze River, but his influence on “developing Central China” was limited. After November 1939, the CPC Central Committee resolved to solve the issue of developing Central China. However, Xiang Ying and Chen Yi respectively advocated the development of southern Anhui and Jiangnan. In resolving the issue of the main force of the New Fourth Army, there were serious disagreements with the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Mao Zedong once intended to use the Eighth Route Army as a development Central China’s main force. In June 1940, in order to save Jiangbei besieged New Fourth Army, Chen Yi finally decided to lead Jiangnan New Fourth Army main force crossing the river. The CPC Central Committee’s strategy of “developing Central China” will eventually be thoroughly implemented and implemented.