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以海德格尔为代表的现代思想家们(包括叔本华、艾略特、荣格等)普遍表达了对技术世界的批判与对现代人精神荒原的不满。他们不约而同地把期待的目光转向了诗性的拯救,要求诗人肩负起对抗技术意志甚至拯救人类精神的使命。同时,他们又明确反对诗人的主体性,甚至要求诗人放弃自我,完全听从于天命、传统或集体无意识的召唤。这是现代诗人论的一个悖论。这种使命对于诗人虽然光荣却过于艰巨,它既反映了现代诗人处境的尴尬,也暴露了现代人精神的困惑;既促使了现代文学批评的转向,也铸就了现代主义文学的精魂。
Modern thinkers represented by Heidegger (including Schopenhauer, Eliot, Jung, etc.) generally expressed their criticism of the world of technology and their dissatisfaction with the spiritual wasteland of the present age. They spontaneously turned their gaze to poetic salvation and demanded that poets take on the mission of opposing technological will and even saving the human spirit. At the same time, they explicitly opposed the poet’s subjectivity and even asked the poet to abandon himself and completely obey the call of heaven, tradition or collective unconsciousness. This is a paradox of modern poets. Although such a mission is too arrogant for the poet, it not only reflects the embarrassment of modern poets but also reveals the confusion of the modern spirit. It not only prompts the turning of modern literary criticism but also creates the essence of modernist literature.